The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) was replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) with effect from 1 July 2024. The BNS consolidates 511 IPC sections into 358 sections by merging related provisions, deleting obsolete offences, and introducing 20 new provisions addressing organised crime, terrorism, snatching, and sexual offences by deceit. All offences committed before 1 July 2024 continue to be governed by the IPC; offences committed on or after that date fall under the BNS.
Key Statistics
| Metric | Count |
|---|---|
| Total IPC sections | 511 |
| Total BNS sections | 358 |
| Sections substantially identical | ~175 |
| Sections with minor edits (language/formatting) | ~83 |
| Sections modified (substantive change) | ~55 |
| Sections expanded (broader scope) | ~22 |
| Sections narrowed | ~4 |
| New provisions (no IPC equivalent) | 20 |
| IPC sections abolished (no BNS equivalent) | 19 |
| IPC sections merged into fewer BNS sections | ~90 |
| IPC sections split into multiple BNS sections | ~8 |
Complete IPC to BNS Section Mapping Table
Chapter I — Preliminary (IPC Sections 1-5)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Title and extent of operation of the Code | 1(1) | Short title, commencement and application | minor-edit |
| 2 | Punishment of offences committed within India | 1(3) | Application to offences within India | merged |
| 3 | Punishment of offences committed beyond India | 1(4) | Application to offences beyond India | merged |
| 4 | Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences | 1(5) | Extra-territorial offences | merged |
| 5 | Certain laws not to be affected by this Act | 1(6) | Saving of certain laws | merged |
Chapter II — General Explanations (IPC Sections 6-52A)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions | 2(1) | Definitions — general clause | merged |
| 7 | Sense of expression once explained | 2(1) | (Part of definitions) | merged |
| 8 | Gender | 2(8) | Gender | identical |
| 9 | Number | 2(22) | Number | identical |
| 10 | "Man" and "Woman" | 2(10), 2(38) | Man; Woman | identical |
| 11 | "Person" | 2(24) | Person | identical |
| 12 | "Public" | 2(27) | Public | identical |
| 13 | Definition of "Queen" | — | — | abolished. Colonial reference removed |
| 14 | "Servant of Government" | 2(28) | Public servant | minor-edit |
| 15 | "British India" | — | — | abolished. Colonial reference removed |
| 16 | "Government of India" | — | — | abolished. Superseded by constitutional definitions |
| 17 | "Government" | 2(9) | Government | minor-edit |
| 18 | "India" | — | — | abolished. Territorial scope in Section 1 |
| 19 | "Judge" | 2(15) | Judge | identical |
| 20 | "Court of Justice" | 2(4) | Court | minor-edit |
| 21 | "Public servant" | 2(28) | Public servant | modified. Updated categories |
| 22 | "Moveable property" | 2(20) | Moveable property | identical |
| 23 | "Wrongful gain" / "Wrongful loss" | 2(39) | Wrongful gain and wrongful loss | identical |
| 24 | "Dishonestly" | 2(5) | Dishonestly | identical |
| 25 | "Fraudulently" | 2(7) | Fraudulently | identical |
| 26 | "Reason to believe" | 2(29) | Reason to believe | identical |
| 27 | Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant | 2(25) | Property | minor-edit |
| 28 | "Counterfeit" | 2(3) | Counterfeit | identical |
| 29 | "Document" | 2(6) | Document | modified. Includes electronic/digital records |
| 29A | "Electronic record" | 2(6) | (Part of document definition) | merged |
| 30 | "Valuable security" | 2(36) | Valuable security | identical |
| 31 | "A will" | 2(37) | Will | identical |
| 32 | Words referring to acts include omissions | 2 (proviso) | (General interpretation) | merged |
| 33 | "Act" / "Omission" | 2(1) | Act | identical |
| 34 | Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention | 3(5) | Common intention | minor-edit |
| 35 | When act criminal by reason of knowledge or intention | 3(3) | (General explanation) | merged |
| 36 | Act partly in and partly beyond India | 3 | (General explanation) | merged |
| 37 | Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting offence | 3(4) | (General explanation) | merged |
| 38 | Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences | 3(2) | (General explanation) | merged |
| 39 | "Voluntarily" | 2(35) | Voluntarily | identical |
| 40 | "Offence" | 2(23) | Offence | identical |
| 41 | "Special law" | 2(32) | Special law | identical |
| 42 | "Local law" | 2(17) | Local law | identical |
| 43 | "Illegal" / "Legally bound to do" | 2(12), 2(16) | Illegal; Legally bound to do | identical |
| 44 | "Injury" | 2(14) | Injury | identical |
| 45 | "Life" | 2(18) | Life | identical |
| 46 | "Death" | — | — | abolished. Self-explanatory term |
| 47 | "Animal" | 2(2) | Animal | identical |
| 48 | "Vessel" | 2(37A) | Vessel | identical |
| 49 | "Year" / "Month" | 2(19) | Month | identical |
| 50 | "Section" | — | — | abolished. Self-explanatory term |
| 51 | "Oath" | 2(21) | Oath | identical |
| 52 | "Good faith" | 2(11) | Good faith | identical |
| 52A | "Harbour" | 2(13) | Harbour | identical |
Chapter III — Punishments (IPC Sections 53-75)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53 | Punishments | 4 | Punishments | modified. Community service added as punishment |
| 53A | Construction of reference to transportation | — | — | abolished. Obsolete |
| 54 | Commutation of sentence of death | 5(a) | Commutation of sentence | merged |
| 55 | Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life | 5(b) | Commutation of sentence | merged |
| 55A | Definition of "appropriate government" | 5 (Explanation) | (Part of commutation provision) | merged |
| 56 | Sentence of Europeans and Americans to penal servitude | — | — | abolished. Colonial-era provision |
| 57 | Fractions of terms of punishment | 6 | Fractions of terms of punishment | identical |
| 58 | Offenders sentenced to transportation | — | — | abolished. Transportation abolished |
| 59 | Transportation in lieu of imprisonment | — | — | abolished. Transportation abolished |
| 60 | Sentence may be wholly or partly rigorous or simple | 7 | Sentence may be rigorous or simple | identical |
| 61-62 | Transportation provisions | — | — | abolished. Transportation abolished |
| 63 | Amount of fine | 8(1) | Amount of fine and liability in default | merged |
| 64 | Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine | 8(2) | (Part of fine provision) | merged |
| 65 | Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine | 8(3) | (Part of fine provision) | merged |
| 66 | Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine | 8(4) | (Part of fine provision) | merged |
| 67 | Imprisonment for non-payment of fine when offence punishable with fine only | 8(5) | (Part of fine provision) | merged |
| 68 | Imprisonment terminates on payment of fine | 8(6) | (Part of fine provision) | merged |
| 69 | Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional fine | 8(7) | (Part of fine provision) | merged |
| 70 | Fine levied within six years or during imprisonment | 8(8) | (Part of fine provision) | merged |
| 71 | Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences | 9 | Limit of punishment of offence | identical |
| 72 | Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences | 10 | Punishment when doubtful | identical |
| 73 | Solitary confinement | 11 | Solitary confinement | identical |
| 74 | Limit of solitary confinement | 12 | Limit of solitary confinement | identical |
| 75 | Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction | 13 | Enhanced punishment for certain offences | identical |
Chapter IV — General Exceptions (IPC Sections 76-106)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 76 | Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law | 14 | Act done by person bound by law | identical |
| 77 | Act of Judge when acting judicially | 15 | Act of Judge when acting judicially | identical |
| 78 | Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court | 16 | Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court | identical |
| 79 | Act done by a person justified, or believing himself justified, by law | 17 | Act done by person justified by law | identical |
| 80 | Accident in doing a lawful act | 18 | Accident in doing a lawful act | identical |
| 81 | Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent | 19 | Act likely to cause harm but done without criminal intent | identical |
| 82 | Act of a child under seven years of age | 20 | Act of child under seven years of age | identical |
| 83 | Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding | 21 | Act of child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding | identical |
| 84 | Act of a person of unsound mind | 22 | Act of person of unsound mind | identical |
| 85 | Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication against his will | 23 | Act of person incapable of judgment by intoxication against will | identical |
| 86 | Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by intoxicated person | 24 | Offence requiring particular intent committed by intoxicated person | identical |
| 87 | Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or hurt, done by consent | 25 | Act not intended to cause death, done by consent | identical |
| 88 | Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for benefit | 26 | Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith | identical |
| 89 | Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind | 27 | Act done in good faith for benefit of child or unsound mind | identical |
| 90 | Consent known to be given under fear or misconception | 28 | Consent known to be given under fear or misconception | identical |
| 91 | Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused | 29 | Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm | identical |
| 92 | Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent | 30 | Act done in good faith for benefit without consent | identical |
| 93 | Communication made in good faith | 31 | Communication made in good faith | identical |
| 94 | Act to which a person is compelled by threats | 32 | Act to which person is compelled by threats | identical |
| 95 | Act causing slight harm | 33 | Act causing slight harm | identical |
| 96 | Things done in private defence | 34 | Things done in private defence | identical |
| 97 | Right of private defence of the body and of property | 35 | Right of private defence of body and property | identical |
| 98 | Right of private defence against act of person of unsound mind | 36 | Right of private defence against unsound mind person | identical |
| 99 | Acts against which there is no right of private defence | 37 | Acts against which there is no right of private defence | identical |
| 100 | When right of private defence of body extends to causing death | 38 | When right of private defence extends to causing death | identical |
| 101 | When such right extends to causing any harm other than death | 39 | When such right extends to causing harm other than death | identical |
| 102 | Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body | 40 | Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body | identical |
| 103 | When right of private defence of property extends to causing death | 41 | When right of private defence of property extends to causing death | identical |
| 104 | When such right extends to causing any harm other than death | 42 | When such right extends to causing harm other than death | identical |
| 105 | Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property | 43 | Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property | identical |
| 106 | Right of private defence against deadly assault when risk of harm to innocent person | 44 | Right of private defence against deadly assault | identical |
Chapter V — Abetment (IPC Sections 107-120)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 107 | Abetment of a thing | 45 | Abetment of a thing | identical |
| 108 | Abettor | 46 | Abettor | identical |
| 108A | Abetment in India of offences outside India | 47 | Abetment in India of offences outside India | identical |
| — | — | 48 | Abetment outside India for offence in India | new-provision |
| 109 | Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed | 49 | Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed | identical |
| 110 | Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention | 50 | Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention | identical |
| 111 | Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done | 51 | Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done | identical |
| 112 | Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment | 52 | Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment | identical |
| 113 | Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended | 53 | Liability of abettor for effect different from that intended | identical |
| 114 | Abettor present when offence is committed | 54 | Abettor present when offence is committed | identical |
| 115 | Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life | 55 | Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life | identical |
| 116 | Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment | 56 | Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment | identical |
| 117 | Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons | 57 | Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons | identical |
| 118 | Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life | 58 | Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or life imprisonment | identical |
| 119 | Public servant concealing design to commit offence which is his duty to prevent | 59 | Public servant concealing design to commit offence | identical |
| 120 | Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment | 60 | Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment | identical |
Chapter VA — Criminal Conspiracy (IPC Sections 120A-120B)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 120A | Definition of criminal conspiracy | 61(1) | Criminal conspiracy — definition | merged |
| 120B | Punishment of criminal conspiracy | 61(2) | Criminal conspiracy — punishment | merged |
Attempt to Commit Offences (IPC Section 511)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 511 | Punishment for attempting to commit offences | 62 | Punishment for attempting to commit offences | identical |
Chapter XVI — Offences Against Women and Children (BNS Chapter V)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 375 | Rape | 63 | Rape | modified. Definition retained; exceptions clarified |
| 376 | Punishment for rape | 64 | Punishment for rape | modified. Minimum punishment increased |
| 376(3) | Rape on woman under sixteen years | 65(1) | Punishment for rape in certain cases | split |
| 376AB | Rape on woman under twelve years | 65(2) | Rape of woman under twelve years | merged |
| 376A | Causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state | 66 | Intercourse causing death or persistent vegetative state | identical |
| 376B | Sexual intercourse by husband upon wife during separation | 67 | Sexual intercourse by husband during separation | identical |
| 376C | Sexual intercourse by person in authority | 68 | Sexual intercourse by person in authority | identical |
| — | — | 69 | Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means | new-provision. Includes false promise of marriage/employment |
| 376D | Gang rape | 70(1) | Gang rape | modified |
| 376DA | Gang rape on woman under sixteen years | 70(2) | Gang rape of person under eighteen years | merged |
| 376DB | Gang rape on woman under twelve years | 70(2) | (Part of gang rape provision) | merged |
| 376E | Punishment for repeat offenders | 71 | Punishment for repeat offenders | identical |
| 228A | Disclosure of identity of victim | 72 | Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences | identical |
| — | — | 73 | Printing or publishing court proceedings without permission | new-provision |
| 354 | Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty | 74 | Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage modesty | identical |
| 354A | Sexual harassment | 75 | Sexual harassment | identical |
| 354B | Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe | 76 | Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe | identical |
| 354C | Voyeurism | 77 | Voyeurism | identical |
| 354D | Stalking | 78 | Stalking | identical |
| 509 | Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman | 79 | Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman | identical |
| 304B | Dowry death | 80 | Dowry death | identical |
| 493 | Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage | 81 | Cohabitation caused by deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage | identical |
| 494 | Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife | 82(1) | Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife | split |
| 495 | Same offence with concealment of former marriage | 82(2) | Same offence with concealment of former marriage | merged |
| 496 | Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage | 83 | Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through | identical |
| 497 | Adultery | — | — | abolished. Struck down by SC in Joseph Shine v. Union of India (2018) |
| 498 | Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman | 84 | Enticing or detaining married woman with criminal intent | identical |
| 498A | Husband or relative of husband subjecting woman to cruelty | 85 | Cruelty by husband or relative of husband | identical |
| — | — | 86 | Cruelty defined (explanation to Section 85) | minor-edit |
| 366 | Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage | 87 | Kidnapping or abducting woman to compel marriage | identical |
| 312 | Causing miscarriage | 88 | Causing miscarriage | identical |
| 313 | Causing miscarriage without woman's consent | 89 | Causing miscarriage without consent | identical |
| 314 | Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage | 90 | Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage | identical |
| 315 | Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth | 91 | Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive | identical |
| 316 | Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide | 92 | Causing death of quick unborn child | identical |
| 317 | Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years | 93 | Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years | identical |
| 318 | Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body | 94 | Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body | identical |
| — | — | 95 | Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence | new-provision |
| 366A | Procuration of minor girl | 96 | Procuration of child | modified. Gender-neutral; covers all children |
| 369 | Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal | 97 | Kidnapping child under ten years with intent to steal | identical |
| 372 | Selling minor for purposes of prostitution | 98 | Selling child for purposes of prostitution | modified. Gender-neutral |
| 373 | Buying minor for purposes of prostitution | 99 | Buying child for purposes of prostitution | modified. Gender-neutral |
Chapter XVI — Offences Affecting the Human Body: Life (BNS Chapter VI)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 299 | Culpable homicide | 100 | Culpable homicide | identical |
| 300 | Murder | 101 | Murder | identical |
| 301 | Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person intended | 102 | Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than intended | identical |
| 302 | Punishment for murder | 103(1) | Punishment for murder | modified. Sub-section (2) added for mob lynching |
| 303 | Punishment for murder by life-convict | 104 | Punishment for murder by life-convict | identical |
| 304 | Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder | 105 | Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder | identical |
| 304A | Causing death by negligence | 106(1) | Causing death by negligence | expanded. 106(2) adds enhanced punishment for hit-and-run |
| 305 | Abetment of suicide of child or insane person | 107 | Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind | identical |
| 306 | Abetment of suicide | 108 | Abetment of suicide | identical |
| 307 | Attempt to murder | 109 | Attempt to murder | identical |
| 308 | Attempt to commit culpable homicide | 110 | Attempt to commit culpable homicide | identical |
| 309 | Attempt to commit suicide | — | — | abolished. Decriminalised; addressed under Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 |
| — | — | 111 | Organised crime | new-provision. Covers kidnapping, extortion, contract killing, cyber-crime by syndicates |
| — | — | 112 | Petty organised crime | new-provision. Covers vehicle theft, pickpocketing, snatching by gangs |
| — | — | 113 | Terrorist act | new-provision. Comprehensive definition of terrorism previously only in UAPA |
Hurt (IPC Sections 319-338)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 319 | Hurt | 114 | Hurt | identical |
| 321 | Voluntarily causing hurt | 115(1) | Voluntarily causing hurt | merged |
| 323 | Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt | 115(2) | Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt | merged |
| 320 | Grievous hurt | 116 | Grievous hurt | identical |
| 322 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt | 117(1) | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt | merged |
| 325 | Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt | 117(2) | Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt | merged |
| 324 | Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means | 118(1) | Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means | merged |
| 326 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means | 118(2) | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons | merged |
| 327 | Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property or constrain to illegal act | 119(1) | Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property | merged |
| 329 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property | 119(2) | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property | merged |
| 330 | Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession | 120(1) | Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession | merged |
| 331 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession | 120(2) | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession | merged |
| 332 | Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from duty | 121(1) | Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant | merged |
| 333 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant | 121(2) | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant | merged |
| 334 | Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation | 122(1) | Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation | merged |
| 335 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocation | 122(2) | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocation | merged |
| 328 | Causing hurt by means of poison with intent to commit offence | 123 | Causing hurt by means of poison with intent | identical |
| 326A | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid | 124(1) | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by acid | split |
| 326B | Voluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid | 124(2) | Voluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid | merged |
| 336 | Act endangering life or personal safety of others | 125 | Act endangering life or personal safety | identical |
| 337 | Causing hurt by act endangering life or personal safety | 125(a) | Causing hurt by dangerous act | merged |
| 338 | Causing grievous hurt by act endangering life or personal safety | 125(b) | Causing grievous hurt by dangerous act | merged |
Wrongful Restraint and Wrongful Confinement (IPC Sections 339-348)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 339 | Wrongful restraint | 126(1) | Wrongful restraint — definition | merged |
| 341 | Punishment for wrongful restraint | 126(2) | Wrongful restraint — punishment | merged |
| 340 | Wrongful confinement | 127(1) | Wrongful confinement — definition | merged |
| 342 | Punishment for wrongful confinement | 127(2) | Wrongful confinement — punishment | merged |
| 343 | Wrongful confinement for three days or more | 127(3) | Wrongful confinement for three or more days | merged |
| 344 | Wrongful confinement for ten days or more | 127(4) | Wrongful confinement for ten or more days | merged |
| 345 | Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation writ has been issued | 127(5) | Wrongful confinement of person for whose release writ issued | merged |
| 346 | Wrongful confinement in secret | 127(6) | Wrongful confinement in secret | merged |
| 347 | Wrongful confinement to extort property or constraint to illegal act | 127(7) | Wrongful confinement to extort property | merged |
| 348 | Wrongful confinement to extort confession | 127(8) | Wrongful confinement to extort confession | merged |
Criminal Force and Assault (IPC Sections 349-358)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 349 | Force | 128 | Force | identical |
| 350 | Criminal force | 129 | Criminal force | identical |
| 351 | Assault | 130 | Assault | identical |
| 352 | Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation | 131 | Punishment for assault or criminal force | identical |
| 353 | Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of duty | 132 | Assault or criminal force to deter public servant | identical |
| 355 | Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person | 133 | Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour | identical |
| 356 | Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property | 134 | Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft | identical |
| 357 | Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person | 135 | Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine | identical |
| 358 | Assault or criminal force on grave and sudden provocation | 136 | Assault or criminal force on grave and sudden provocation | identical |
Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery and Forced Labour (IPC Sections 359-374)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 359 | Kidnapping | 137(1) | Kidnapping — definition | merged |
| 360 | Kidnapping from India | 137(1)(a) | Kidnapping from India | merged |
| 361 | Kidnapping from lawful guardianship | 137(1)(b) | Kidnapping from lawful guardianship | merged |
| 363 | Punishment for kidnapping | 137(2) | Punishment for kidnapping | merged |
| 362 | Abduction | 138 | Abduction | identical |
| 363A | Kidnapping or maiming a minor for purposes of begging | 139 | Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging | modified. Gender-neutral |
| 364 | Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder | 140(1) | Kidnapping in order to murder | merged |
| 364A | Kidnapping for ransom | 140(2) | Kidnapping for ransom | merged |
| 365 | Kidnapping or abducting with intent to secretly and wrongfully confine | 140(3) | Kidnapping with intent to secretly confine | merged |
| 367 | Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject to grievous hurt, slavery, etc. | 140(4) | Kidnapping to subject to grievous hurt | merged |
| 366B | Importation of girl from foreign country | 141 | Importation of girl or boy from foreign country | modified. Gender-neutral |
| 368 | Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped person | 142 | Wrongfully concealing kidnapped person | identical |
| 370 | Trafficking of person | 143 | Trafficking of person | modified. Enhanced penalties |
| 370A | Exploitation of a trafficked person | 144 | Exploitation of trafficked person | identical |
| 371 | Habitual dealing in slaves | 145 | Habitual dealing in slaves | identical |
| 374 | Unlawful compulsory labour | 146 | Unlawful compulsory labour | identical |
Chapter VI — Offences Against the State (IPC Sections 121-130; BNS Chapter VII)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Waging, or attempting to wage, war against the Government of India | 147 | Waging, or attempting to wage, war against the Government of India | identical |
| 121A | Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121 | 148 | Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147 | identical |
| 122 | Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war | 149 | Collecting arms with intention of waging war | identical |
| 123 | Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war | 150 | Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war | identical |
| 124 | Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power | 151 | Assaulting President, Governor, etc. | identical |
| 124A | Sedition | 152 | Acts endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India | modified. Replaces sedition with broader provision covering subversive activities |
| 125 | Waging war against any Asiatic Power in alliance with the Government of India | 153 | Waging war against any power in alliance or at peace with Government of India | minor-edit |
| 126 | Committing depredation on territories of Power at peace with Government of India | 154 | Committing depredation on territories of power at peace with Government | identical |
| 127 | Receiving property taken by war or depredation | 155 | Receiving property taken by war or depredation | identical |
| 128 | Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner to escape | 156 | Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner to escape | identical |
| 129 | Public servant negligently suffering prisoner to escape | 157 | Public servant negligently suffering prisoner to escape | identical |
| 130 | Aiding escape, rescuing or harbouring prisoner | 158 | Aiding escape, rescuing or harbouring prisoner | identical |
Chapter VII — Offences Relating to Army, Navy and Air Force (IPC Sections 131-140; BNS Chapter VIII)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 131 | Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty | 159 | Abetting mutiny | identical |
| 132 | Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof | 160 | Abetment of mutiny if committed | identical |
| 133 | Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer | 161 | Abetment of assault by soldier on superior officer | identical |
| 134 | Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committed | 162 | Abetment if assault committed | identical |
| 135 | Abetment of desertion | 163 | Abetment of desertion | identical |
| 136 | Harbouring deserter | 164 | Harbouring deserter | identical |
| 137 | Deserter concealed on merchant vessel through negligence of master | 165 | Deserter concealed on merchant vessel | identical |
| 138 | Abetment of act of insubordination | 166 | Abetment of act of insubordination | identical |
| 139 | Persons subject to certain Acts | 167 | Persons subject to certain Acts | identical |
| 140 | Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman | 168 | Wearing military garb or carrying military token | identical |
Chapter IXA — Offences Relating to Elections (IPC Sections 171A-171I; BNS Chapter IX)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 171A | "Candidate", "Electoral right" defined | 169 | "Candidate", "Electoral right" defined | identical |
| 171B | Bribery | 170 | Bribery | identical |
| 171C | Undue influence at elections | 171 | Undue influence at elections | identical |
| 171D | Personation at elections | 172 | Personation at elections | identical |
| 171E | Punishment for bribery | 173 | Punishment for bribery | identical |
| 171F | Punishment for undue influence or personation at election | 174 | Punishment for undue influence or personation | identical |
| 171G | False statement in connection with election | 175 | False statement in connection with election | identical |
| 171H | Illegal payments in connection with election | 176 | Illegal payments in connection with election | identical |
| 171-I | Failure to keep election accounts | 177 | Failure to keep election accounts | identical |
Chapter XII — Offences Relating to Coin and Government Stamps (IPC Sections 230-263A; BNS Chapter X)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 230 | "Coin" defined | 178(2) | Coin defined | merged |
| 231, 255, 489A | Counterfeiting coin, stamps, currency notes | 178 | Counterfeiting coin, stamp or currency notes | merged. Three separate provisions consolidated |
| 246, 248 | Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing/altering coin | 178(5) | Diminishing or altering coin | merged |
| 237-241, 250-251, 254, 258-260, 489B | Delivering/using counterfeit or altered coin/currency | 179 | Using counterfeit or altered currency | merged |
| 242-243, 252-253, 259, 489C | Possession of counterfeit coin/currency | 180 | Possession of counterfeit coin or currency | merged |
| 233-235, 256-257, 489D | Making or possessing instruments for counterfeiting | 181 | Making instruments for counterfeiting | merged |
| 489E | Making or using documents resembling currency notes | 182 | Documents resembling currency notes | identical |
| 261 | Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp | 183 | Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp | identical |
| 262 | Using Government stamp known to have been before used | 184 | Using Government stamp known to have been used | identical |
| 263 | Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used | 185 | Erasure of mark denoting stamp used | identical |
| 263A | Prohibition of fictitious stamps | 186 | Prohibition of fictitious stamps | identical |
| 244 | Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition | 187 | Mint employee causing wrong coinage | identical |
| 245 | Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint | 188 | Unlawfully removing coining instrument | identical |
Chapter VIII — Offences Against Public Tranquillity (IPC Sections 141-160; BNS Chapter XI)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 141 | Unlawful assembly | 189(1) | Unlawful assembly | merged |
| 142 | Being member of unlawful assembly | 189(1) | (Part of unlawful assembly) | merged |
| 143 | Punishment for unlawful assembly | 189(2) | Punishment for unlawful assembly | merged |
| 144 | Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon | 189(4) | Armed unlawful assembly | merged |
| 145 | Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly knowing it has been commanded to disperse | 189(3) | Continuing assembly after dispersal order | merged |
| 146 | Rioting | 191(1) | Rioting | merged |
| 147 | Punishment for rioting | 191(2) | Punishment for rioting | merged |
| 148 | Rioting, armed with deadly weapon | 191(3) | Armed rioting | merged |
| 149 | Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object | 190 | Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of common object offence | identical |
| 150 | Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly | 189(6) | Hiring for unlawful assembly | merged |
| 151 | Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse | 189(5) | Remaining in assembly after dispersal order | merged |
| 152 | Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot | 195 | Assaulting or obstructing public servant suppressing riot | identical |
| 153 | Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot | 192 | Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot | identical |
| 153A | Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, etc. | 196 | Promoting enmity between different groups | modified. Enhanced punishment |
| 153AA | Knowingly carrying arms in any procession or organising mass drill or training | — | — | abolished |
| 153B | Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration | 197 | Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration | identical |
| 154 | Owner or occupier of land on which unlawful assembly is held | 193(1) | Owner or occupier liability for unlawful assembly | merged |
| 155 | Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed | 193(2) | Liability of beneficiary of riot | merged |
| 156 | Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed | 193(3) | Agent liability for riot | merged |
| 157 | Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly | 189(7) | Harbouring hired persons | merged |
| 158 | Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot | 189(8)-(9) | Being hired to take part in unlawful assembly | merged |
| 159 | Affray | 194(1) | Affray | merged |
| 160 | Punishment for committing affray | 194(2) | Punishment for committing affray | merged |
Chapter IX — Offences by or Relating to Public Servants (IPC Sections 161-171; BNS Chapter XII)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 166 | Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury | 198 | Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury | identical |
| 166A | Public servant disobeying direction under law | 199 | Public servant disobeying direction under law | identical |
| 166B | Non-treatment of victim by hospital | 200 | Non-treatment of victim by hospital | identical |
| 167 | Public servant framing an incorrect document | 201 | Public servant framing an incorrect document | identical |
| 168 | Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade | 202 | Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade | identical |
| 169 | Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property | 203 | Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property | identical |
| 170 | Personating a public servant | 204 | Personating a public servant | identical |
| 171 | Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent | 205 | Wearing garb or carrying token of public servant fraudulently | identical |
Chapter X — Contempts of the Lawful Authority of Public Servants (IPC Sections 172-190; BNS Chapter XIII)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 172 | Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding | 206 | Absconding to avoid service of summons | identical |
| 173 | Preventing service of summons or other proceeding | 207 | Preventing service of summons | identical |
| 174 | Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant | 208 | Non-attendance in obedience to order | identical |
| 174A | Non-appearance in response to a proclamation | 209 | Non-appearance in response to proclamation | identical |
| 175 | Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant | 210 | Omission to produce document to public servant | identical |
| 176 | Omission to give notice or information to public servant | 211 | Omission to give notice or information to public servant | identical |
| 177 | Furnishing false information | 212 | Furnishing false information | identical |
| 178 | Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required | 213 | Refusing oath or affirmation | identical |
| 179 | Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question | 214 | Refusing to answer public servant | identical |
| 180 | Refusing to sign statement | 215 | Refusing to sign statement | identical |
| 181 | False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant | 216 | False statement on oath to public servant | identical |
| 182 | False information to public servant with intent to cause exercise of lawful power to injury of another | 217 | False information to public servant | identical |
| 183 | Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority | 218 | Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority | identical |
| 184 | Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant | 219 | Obstructing sale of property | identical |
| 185 | Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant | 220 | Illegal purchase or bid | identical |
| 186 | Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions | 221 | Obstructing public servant | identical |
| 187 | Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance | 222 | Omission to assist public servant | identical |
| 188 | Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant | 223 | Disobedience to order by public servant | identical |
| 189 | Threat of injury to public servant | 224 | Threat of injury to public servant | identical |
| 190 | Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant | 225 | Threat to induce person to refrain from applying for protection | identical |
| — | — | 226 | Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power | new-provision |
Chapter XI — False Evidence and Offences Against Public Justice (IPC Sections 191-229A; BNS Chapter XIV)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 191 | Giving false evidence | 227 | Giving false evidence | identical |
| 192 | Fabricating false evidence | 228 | Fabricating false evidence | identical |
| 193 | Punishment for false evidence | 229 | Punishment for false evidence | identical |
| 194 | Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence | 230 | False evidence with intent to procure capital conviction | identical |
| 195 | Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life | 231 | False evidence to procure life imprisonment conviction | identical |
| 195A | Threatening any person to give false evidence | 232 | Threatening any person to give false evidence | identical |
| 196 | Using evidence known to be false | 233 | Using evidence known to be false | identical |
| 197 | Issuing or signing false certificate | 234 | Issuing or signing false certificate | identical |
| 198 | Using as true a certificate known to be false | 235 | Using as true a certificate known to be false | identical |
| 199 | False statement made in declaration | 236 | False statement made in declaration | identical |
| 200 | Using as true such declaration known to be false | 237 | Using false declaration as true | identical |
| 201 | Causing disappearance of evidence of offence | 238 | Causing disappearance of evidence of offence | identical |
| 202 | Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform | 239 | Intentional omission to give information of offence | identical |
| 203 | Giving false information respecting an offence committed | 240 | Giving false information respecting offence | identical |
| 204 | Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence | 241 | Destruction of document to prevent production as evidence | identical |
| 205 | False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution | 242 | False personation for purpose of act or proceeding | identical |
| 206 | Fraudulent removal or concealment of property | 243 | Fraudulent removal or concealment of property | identical |
| 207 | Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited | 244 | Fraudulent claim to property | identical |
| 208 | Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due | 245 | Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due | identical |
| 209 | Dishonestly making false claim in Court | 246 | Dishonestly making false claim in Court | identical |
| 210 | Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due | 247 | Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due | identical |
| 211 | False charge of offence made with intent to injure | 248 | False charge of offence made with intent to injure | identical |
| 212 | Harbouring offender | 249 | Harbouring offender | identical |
| 213 | Taking gift to screen an offender from punishment | 250 | Taking gift to screen offender | identical |
| 214 | Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender | 251 | Offering gift to screen offender | identical |
| 215 | Taking gift for help to recover stolen property | 252 | Taking gift for help to recover stolen property | identical |
| 216 | Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody | 253 | Harbouring offender escaped from custody | identical |
| 216A | Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits | 254 | Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits | identical |
| 217 | Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment | 255 | Public servant disobeying direction to save person from punishment | identical |
| 218 | Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment | 256 | Public servant framing incorrect record | identical |
| 219 | Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc. | 257 | Public servant corruptly making report in judicial proceeding | identical |
| 220 | Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law | 258 | Illegal commitment for trial | identical |
| 221 | Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend | 259 | Intentional omission to apprehend | identical |
| 222 | Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person sentenced | 260 | Intentional omission to apprehend sentenced person | identical |
| 223 | Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant | 261 | Negligent custody escape | identical |
| 224 | Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension | 262 | Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension | identical |
| 225 | Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person | 263 | Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another | identical |
| 225A | Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape on part of public servant in cases not otherwise provided for | 264 | Omission to apprehend — general provision | identical |
| 225B | Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension, or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for | 265 | Resistance or escape — general provision | identical |
| 226 | Unlawful return from transportation | — | — | abolished. Transportation abolished |
| 227 | Violation of condition of remission of punishment | 266 | Violation of condition of remission | identical |
| 228 | Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding | 267 | Intentional insult to public servant in judicial proceeding | identical |
| 229 | Personation of a juror or assessor | 268 | Personation of assessor | minor-edit. Reference to juror removed |
| 229A | Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in Court | 269 | Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear | identical |
Chapter XIII — Offences Relating to Weights and Measures (IPC Sections 264-267)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 264 | Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing | — | — | abolished. Covered by Legal Metrology Act, 2009 |
| 265 | Fraudulent use of false weight or measure | — | — | abolished. Covered by Legal Metrology Act, 2009 |
| 266 | Being in possession of false weight or measure | — | — | abolished. Covered by Legal Metrology Act, 2009 |
| 267 | Making or selling false weight or measure | — | — | abolished. Covered by Legal Metrology Act, 2009 |
Chapter XIV — Offences Affecting Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decency and Morals (IPC Sections 268-294A; BNS Chapter XV)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 268 | Public nuisance | 270 | Public nuisance | identical |
| 269 | Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life | 271 | Negligent act likely to spread infection | identical |
| 270 | Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life | 272 | Malignant act likely to spread infection | identical |
| 271 | Disobedience to quarantine rule | 273 | Disobedience to quarantine rule | identical |
| 272 | Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale | 274 | Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale | identical |
| 273 | Sale of noxious food or drink | 275 | Sale of noxious food or drink | identical |
| 274 | Adulteration of drugs | 276 | Adulteration of drugs | identical |
| 275 | Sale of adulterated drugs | 277 | Sale of adulterated drugs | identical |
| 276 | Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation | 278 | Sale of drug as different drug | identical |
| 277 | Fouling water of public spring or reservoir | 279 | Fouling water of public spring or reservoir | identical |
| 278 | Making atmosphere noxious to health | 280 | Making atmosphere noxious to health | identical |
| 279 | Rash driving or riding on a public way | 281 | Rash driving or riding on a public way | modified. Enhanced penalties |
| 280 | Rash navigation of vessel | 282 | Rash navigation of vessel | identical |
| 281 | Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy | 283 | Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy | identical |
| 282 | Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel | 284 | Conveying person in unsafe or overloaded vessel | identical |
| 283 | Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation | 285 | Danger or obstruction in public way | identical |
| 284 | Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance | 286 | Negligent conduct with poisonous substance | identical |
| 285 | Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter | 287 | Negligent conduct with fire or combustible matter | identical |
| 286 | Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance | 288 | Negligent conduct with explosive substance | identical |
| 287 | Negligent conduct with respect to machinery | 289 | Negligent conduct with machinery | identical |
| 288 | Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down or repairing buildings | 290 | Negligent conduct with buildings | identical |
| 289 | Negligent conduct with respect to animal | 291 | Negligent conduct with animal | identical |
| 290 | Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for | 292 | Punishment for public nuisance | identical |
| 291 | Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue | 293 | Continuance of nuisance after injunction | identical |
| 292 | Sale of obscene books, etc. | 294 | Sale of obscene books, etc. | identical |
| 293 | Sale of obscene objects to young person | 295 | Sale of obscene objects to child | modified. "Young person" changed to "child" |
| 294 | Obscene acts and songs | 296 | Obscene acts and songs | identical |
| 294A | Keeping lottery office | 297 | Keeping lottery office | identical |
Chapter XV — Offences Relating to Religion (IPC Sections 295-298; BNS Chapter XVI)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 295 | Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class | 298 | Injuring or defiling place of worship | identical |
| 295A | Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings | 299 | Deliberate and malicious acts to outrage religious feelings | identical |
| 296 | Disturbing religious assembly | 300 | Disturbing religious assembly | identical |
| 297 | Trespassing on burial places, etc. | 301 | Trespassing on burial places | identical |
| 298 | Uttering words, etc. with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings | 302 | Uttering words to wound religious feelings | identical |
Chapter XVII — Offences Against Property: Theft (IPC Sections 378-382; BNS Chapter XVII)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 378 | Theft | 303(1) | Theft — definition | merged |
| 379 | Punishment for theft | 303(2) | Theft — punishment | merged |
| — | — | 304 | Snatching | new-provision. Separate offence carved out from theft |
| 380 | Theft in dwelling house, etc. | 305 | Theft in dwelling house, means of transportation, or place of worship | expanded |
| 381 | Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master | 306 | Theft by clerk or servant | identical |
| 382 | Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint | 307 | Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint | identical |
Extortion (IPC Sections 383-389)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 383 | Extortion | 308(1) | Extortion — definition | merged |
| 384 | Punishment for extortion | 308(2) | Extortion — punishment | merged |
| 385 | Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion | 308(3) | Putting in fear for extortion | merged |
| 386 | Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt | 308(5) | Extortion by threat of death or grievous hurt | merged |
| 387 | Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt in order to commit extortion | 308(4) | Putting in fear of death for extortion | merged |
| 388 | Extortion by threat of accusation of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life | 308(7) | Extortion by threat of accusation | merged |
| 389 | Putting person in fear of accusation of offence in order to commit extortion | 308(6) | Putting in fear of accusation for extortion | merged |
Robbery and Dacoity (IPC Sections 390-402)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 390 | Robbery | 309(1)-(3) | Robbery — definition | merged |
| 391 | Dacoity | 310(1) | Dacoity — definition | merged |
| 392 | Punishment for robbery | 309(4) | Robbery — punishment | merged |
| 393 | Attempt to commit robbery | 309(5) | Attempt to commit robbery | merged |
| 394 | Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery | 309(6) | Voluntarily causing hurt in robbery | merged |
| 395 | Punishment for dacoity | 310(2) | Dacoity — punishment | merged |
| 396 | Dacoity with murder | 310(3) | Dacoity with murder | merged |
| 397 | Robbery or dacoity with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt | 311 | Robbery or dacoity with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt | identical |
| 398 | Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon | 312 | Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed | identical |
| 399 | Making preparation to commit dacoity | 310(4) | Preparation to commit dacoity | merged |
| 400 | Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoits | 310(6) | Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoits | merged |
| 401 | Punishment for belonging to gang of thieves | 313 | Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers or dacoits | modified. Expanded from thieves to robbers/dacoits |
| 402 | Assembling for purpose of committing dacoity | 310(5) | Assembling for purpose of committing dacoity | merged |
Criminal Misappropriation of Property (IPC Sections 403-404)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 403 | Dishonest misappropriation of property | 314 | Dishonest misappropriation of property | identical |
| 404 | Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person | 315 | Dishonest misappropriation of property of deceased person | identical |
Criminal Breach of Trust (IPC Sections 405-409)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 405 | Criminal breach of trust | 316(1) | Criminal breach of trust — definition | merged |
| 406 | Punishment for criminal breach of trust | 316(2) | Criminal breach of trust — punishment | merged |
| 407 | Criminal breach of trust by carrier, wharfinger or warehouse-keeper | 316(3) | Breach of trust by carrier, wharfinger or warehouse-keeper | merged |
| 408 | Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant | 316(4) | Breach of trust by clerk or servant | merged |
| 409 | Criminal breach of trust by public servant, banker, merchant or agent | 316(5) | Breach of trust by public servant, banker, merchant or agent | merged |
Receiving Stolen Property (IPC Sections 410-414)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 410 | Stolen property | 317(1) | Stolen property — definition | merged |
| 411 | Dishonestly receiving stolen property | 317(2) | Dishonestly receiving stolen property | merged |
| 412 | Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity | 317(3) | Dishonestly receiving property stolen in dacoity | merged |
| 413 | Habitually dealing in stolen property | 317(4) | Habitually dealing in stolen property | merged |
| 414 | Assisting in concealment of stolen property | 317(5) | Assisting in concealment of stolen property | merged |
Cheating (IPC Sections 415-420)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 415 | Cheating | 318(1) | Cheating — definition | merged |
| 416 | Cheating by personation | 319(1) | Cheating by personation — definition | merged |
| 417 | Punishment for cheating | 318(2) | Cheating — punishment | merged |
| 418 | Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue | 318(3) | Cheating with knowledge of wrongful loss | merged |
| 419 | Punishment for cheating by personation | 319(2) | Cheating by personation — punishment | merged |
| 420 | Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property | 318(4) | Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property | merged |
Fraudulent Deeds and Dispositions of Property (IPC Sections 421-424)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 421 | Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors | 320 | Fraudulent removal of property to prevent creditor distribution | identical |
| 422 | Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors | 321 | Fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors | identical |
| 423 | Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer | 322 | Fraudulent execution of deed of transfer | identical |
| 424 | Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property | 323 | Fraudulent removal or concealment of property | identical |
Mischief (IPC Sections 425-440)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 425 | Mischief | 324(1) | Mischief — definition | merged |
| 426 | Punishment for mischief | 324(2) | Mischief — punishment | merged |
| 427 | Mischief causing damage to the amount of fifty rupees | 324(4) | Mischief causing damage above threshold | merged |
| 428 | Mischief by killing or maiming animal of value of ten rupees | 325 | Mischief by killing or maiming animal | merged |
| 429 | Mischief by killing or maiming cattle, etc. of any value | 325 | (Part of animal mischief provision) | merged |
| 430 | Mischief by causing diminution of supply of water for agricultural purposes | 326(a) | Mischief — irrigation | merged |
| 431 | Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, river or channel | 326(b) | Mischief — road and bridge | merged |
| 432 | Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage | 326(c) | Mischief — inundation | merged |
| 433 | Mischief by destroying or moving light-house or sea-mark | 326(d) | Mischief — light-house | merged |
| 434 | Mischief by destroying or moving land-mark fixed by public authority | 326(e) | Mischief — land-mark | merged |
| 435 | Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to cause damage | 326(f) | Mischief by fire or explosive | merged |
| 436 | Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy house | 326(g) | Mischief by fire to destroy house | merged |
| 437 | Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden | 327(1) | Mischief to vessel or rail | merged |
| 438 | Punishment for the mischief described in section 437 committed by fire or explosive substance | 327(2) | Mischief to vessel by fire | merged |
| 439 | Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft | 328 | Running vessel aground | identical |
| 440 | Mischief committed after preparation made for causing death or hurt | 324(6) | Mischief after preparation for causing death or hurt | merged |
Criminal Trespass (IPC Sections 441-462)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 441 | Criminal trespass | 329(1) | Criminal trespass — definition | merged |
| 442 | House-trespass | 329(2) | House-trespass — definition | merged |
| 443 | Lurking house-trespass | 330(1) | House-breaking | modified. Simplified terminology |
| 444 | Lurking house-trespass by night | — | — | abolished. Merged into house-breaking |
| 445 | House-breaking | 330(2) | House-breaking | merged |
| 446 | House-breaking by night | — | — | abolished. Merged into house-breaking |
| 447 | Punishment for criminal trespass | 329(3) | Criminal trespass — punishment | merged |
| 448 | Punishment for house-trespass | 329(4) | House-trespass — punishment | merged |
| 449 | House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with death | 332(a) | House-trespass for offence punishable with death | merged |
| 450 | House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for life | 332(b) | House-trespass for offence punishable with life imprisonment | merged |
| 451 | House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment | 332(c) | House-trespass for offence punishable with imprisonment | merged |
| 452 | House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault, etc. | 333 | House-trespass after preparation for hurt | identical |
| 453 | Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking | 331(1) | Punishment for house-breaking | merged |
| 454 | Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment | 331(3) | House-breaking to commit offence | merged |
| 455 | Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after preparation for hurt, etc. | 331(5) | House-breaking after preparation for hurt | merged |
| 456 | Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night | 331(2) | Punishment for house-breaking by night | merged |
| 457 | Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night in order to commit offence | 331(4) | House-breaking by night to commit offence | merged |
| 458 | Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night after preparation for hurt | 331(6) | House-breaking by night after preparation for hurt | merged |
| 459 | Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking | 331(7) | Grievous hurt in house-breaking | merged |
| 460 | All persons jointly concerned in lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night punishable where death or grievous hurt caused | 331(8) | Joint concern in house-breaking — death or grievous hurt | merged |
| 461 | Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property | 334(1) | Dishonestly breaking open receptacle | merged |
| 462 | Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody | 334(2) | Breaking receptacle by person entrusted with custody | merged |
Chapter XVIII — Documents and Property Marks (IPC Sections 463-489E; BNS Chapter XVIII)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 464 | Making a false document | 335 | Making a false document | identical |
| 463 | Forgery | 336(1) | Forgery — definition | merged |
| 465 | Punishment for forgery | 336(2) | Forgery — punishment | merged |
| 468 | Forgery for purpose of cheating | 336(3) | Forgery for purpose of cheating | merged |
| 469 | Forgery for purpose of harming reputation | 336(4) | Forgery for purpose of harming reputation | merged |
| 466 | Forgery of record of Court or of public register | 337 | Forgery of record of Court or of public register | identical |
| 467 | Forgery of valuable security, will, etc. | 338 | Forgery of valuable security, will, etc. | identical |
| 474 | Having possession of document described in section 466 or 467 knowing it to be forged | 339 | Having possession of forged document | identical |
| 470 | Forged document or electronic record | 340(1) | Forged document or electronic record | merged |
| 471 | Using as genuine a forged document or electronic record | 340(2) | Using as genuine a forged document | merged |
| 472 | Making or possessing counterfeit seal with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 466 | 341(1) | Making counterfeit seal for forgery | merged |
| 473 | Making or possessing counterfeit seal with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise | 341(2) | Making counterfeit seal — other cases | merged |
| 475 | Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents | 342(1) | Counterfeiting authenticating device | merged |
| 476 | Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents other than described in section 467 | 342(2) | Counterfeiting other authenticating device | merged |
| 477 | Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc. of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security | 343 | Fraudulent cancellation of will or valuable security | identical |
| 477A | Falsification of accounts | 344 | Falsification of accounts | identical |
| 479 | Property mark | 345(1) | Property mark — definition | merged |
| 481 | Using a false property mark | 345(2) | Using false property mark | merged |
| 482 | Punishment for using false property mark | 345(3) | Punishment for using false property mark | merged |
| 489 | Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury | 346 | Tampering with property mark | identical |
| 483 | Counterfeiting a property mark used by another | 347(1) | Counterfeiting property mark | merged |
| 484 | Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant | 347(2) | Counterfeiting mark used by public servant | merged |
| 485 | Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark | 348 | Making instrument for counterfeiting property mark | identical |
| 486 | Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark | 349 | Selling goods with counterfeit property mark | identical |
| 487 | Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods | 350(1) | Making false mark on receptacle | merged |
| 488 | Punishment for making use of any such false mark | 350(2) | Using false mark on receptacle | merged |
Chapter XXII — Criminal Intimidation, Insult and Annoyance (IPC Sections 503-510; BNS Chapter XIX)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 503 | Criminal intimidation | 351(1) | Criminal intimidation — definition | merged |
| 506 | Punishment for criminal intimidation | 351(2)-(3) | Criminal intimidation — punishment | merged |
| 507 | Criminal intimidation by anonymous communication | 351(4) | Criminal intimidation by anonymous communication | merged |
| 504 | Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace | 352 | Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace | identical |
| 505 | Statements conducing to public mischief | 353 | Statements conducing to public mischief | identical |
| 508 | Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasure | 354 | Act caused by inducing belief of Divine displeasure | identical |
| 510 | Misconduct in public by a drunken person | 355 | Misconduct in public by drunken person | identical |
Chapter XXI — Defamation (IPC Sections 499-502; BNS — part of Chapter XIX)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 499 | Defamation | 356(1) | Defamation — definition | merged |
| 500 | Punishment for defamation | 356(2) | Defamation — punishment | merged |
| 501 | Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory | 356(3) | Printing defamatory matter | merged |
| 502 | Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter | 356(4) | Sale of defamatory matter | merged |
Chapter XIX — Criminal Breach of Contracts of Service (IPC Section 491)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 491 | Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person | 357 | Breach of contract to attend on helpless person | identical |
Thug-Related Provisions (IPC Sections 310-311)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 310 | Thug | — | — | abolished. Obsolete colonial provision |
| 311 | Punishment for thug | — | — | abolished. Obsolete colonial provision |
Section 377 — Unnatural Offences
| IPC Section | IPC Title | BNS Section | BNS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 377 | Unnatural offences | — | — | abolished. Struck down by SC in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018) |
New BNS Provisions (No IPC Equivalent)
| BNS Section | BNS Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 48 | Abetment outside India for offence in India | Criminalises abetment of offences in India from outside the country |
| 69 | Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means | Criminalises obtaining consent by false promise of marriage, employment, or suppression of identity |
| 73 | Printing or publishing court proceedings without permission | New restriction on publishing details of certain court proceedings |
| 86 | Cruelty defined (explanation) | Provides detailed definition of cruelty under Section 85 |
| 95 | Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence | Targets adults who use children as instruments for criminal activity |
| 103(2) | Mob lynching causing murder | Enhanced punishment for murder committed by a group of five or more persons on specified grounds |
| 106(2) | Enhanced punishment for death by negligence — fleeing accident | Enhanced punishment for causing death by rash/negligent driving and fleeing scene (hit-and-run) |
| 111 | Organised crime | Comprehensive provision covering kidnapping, extortion, contract killing, cyber-crime, trafficking by syndicates |
| 112 | Petty organised crime | Covers vehicle theft, pickpocketing, snatching, shoplifting, card skimming by organised gangs |
| 113 | Terrorist act | Comprehensive definition and punishment for terrorism; previously only in UAPA |
| 152 | Acts endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India | Replaces sedition (IPC 124A) with broader provision targeting subversive activities |
| 196 | Promoting enmity between different groups (enhanced) | Enhanced penalties compared to IPC 153A |
| 226 | Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power | Specifically criminalises suicide attempts aimed at coercing public servants |
| 304 | Snatching | Separate offence carved out from theft for chain/mobile snatching |
| 324(3) | Mischief (expanded) | Additional sub-section for specific mischief scenarios |
| 324(5) | Mischief (expanded) | Additional sub-section for specific mischief scenarios |
| 341(3)-(4) | Counterfeiting seal (expanded) | Additional provisions on counterfeiting |
IPC Sections Abolished (No BNS Equivalent)
| IPC Section | IPC Title | Reason for Abolition |
|---|---|---|
| 13 | Definition of "Queen" | Colonial reference |
| 15 | Definition of "British India" | Colonial reference |
| 16 | Definition of "Government of India" | Superseded by Constitution |
| 18 | Definition of "India" | Territorial scope covered in Section 1 |
| 46 | Definition of "Death" | Self-explanatory; unnecessary |
| 50 | Definition of "Section" | Self-explanatory; unnecessary |
| 53A | Construction of reference to transportation | Transportation abolished |
| 56 | Sentence of Europeans and Americans to penal servitude | Colonial/racial provision |
| 58-59 | Transportation provisions | Transportation abolished |
| 61-62 | Transportation provisions | Transportation abolished |
| 124A | Sedition | Replaced by BNS Section 152 |
| 153AA | Carrying arms in procession | Removed |
| 226 | Unlawful return from transportation | Transportation abolished |
| 264-267 | Weights and measures offences (4 sections) | Covered by Legal Metrology Act, 2009 |
| 309 | Attempt to commit suicide | Decriminalised via Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 |
| 310-311 | Thug and punishment for thug | Obsolete colonial provisions |
| 377 | Unnatural offences | Struck down by SC in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018) |
| 444 | Lurking house-trespass by night | Merged into house-breaking provisions |
| 446 | House-breaking by night | Merged into house-breaking provisions |
| 497 | Adultery | Struck down by SC in Joseph Shine v. Union of India (2018) |
How to Use This Table
Transitional applicability: Offences committed before 1 July 2024 are governed by the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Offences committed on or after 1 July 2024 fall under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (Section 358, BNS read with Section 531, BNSS).
Finding a section: Use your browser's search function (Ctrl+F / Cmd+F) to locate any IPC or BNS section number. For IPC sections that have been merged, the table shows which BNS sub-section corresponds to each individual IPC provision.
Change type guide:
- identical: No substantive change; section content is the same with only renumbering
- minor-edit: Language or formatting changes without affecting legal substance
- modified: Substantive changes to scope, definition, or punishment
- expanded: New sub-sections or broader coverage added
- narrowed: Scope reduced compared to IPC provision
- merged: Multiple IPC sections consolidated into one BNS section or sub-section
- split: One IPC section divided into multiple BNS sections
- new-provision: BNS section with no IPC predecessor
- abolished: IPC section with no BNS successor
Internal links: Individual section analysis pages are available at /old-law-new-law/ipc-bns/section-{number}-{topic} for detailed comparison of each provision.