The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) was replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) with effect from 1 July 2024. The BNSS expands from 484 sections to 531 sections, introducing provisions for electronic FIR filing, audio-video recording of search and seizure, mandatory forensic investigation for serious offences, trials in absentia for proclaimed offenders, and systematic timelines for investigation and trial. All proceedings commenced before 1 July 2024 continue under the CrPC; proceedings initiated on or after that date are governed by the BNSS.
Key Statistics
| Metric | Count |
|---|---|
| Total CrPC sections | 484 |
| Total BNSS sections | 531 |
| Sections substantially identical | ~292 |
| Sections with minor edits | ~78 |
| Sections modified (substantive change) | ~55 |
| Sections expanded (broader scope) | ~35 |
| Sections narrowed | ~2 |
| New provisions (no CrPC equivalent) | ~39 |
| CrPC sections abolished | ~9 |
| CrPC sections merged | ~35 |
| CrPC sections split into multiple BNSS sections | ~14 |
Complete CrPC to BNSS Section Mapping Table
Chapter I — Preliminary (CrPC Sections 1-5; BNSS Sections 1-5)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Short title, extent and commencement | 1 | Short title, extent and commencement | minor-edit |
| 2 | Definitions | 2 | Definitions | modified. New definitions added for electronic communication, audio-video electronic means |
| 3 | Construction of references | 3 | Construction of references | identical |
| 4 | Trial of offences under IPC and other laws | 4 | Trial of offences under BNS and other laws | minor-edit. References updated to BNS |
| 5 | Saving | 5 | Saving | identical |
Chapter II — Constitution of Criminal Courts and Offices (CrPC Sections 6-25A; BNSS Sections 6-20)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | Classes of Criminal Courts | 6 | Classes of Criminal Courts | modified. Metropolitan Magistrate distinction removed |
| 7 | Territorial divisions | 7 | Territorial divisions | identical |
| 8 | Metropolitan areas | — | — | abolished. Metropolitan Magistrate system removed |
| 9 | Court of Session | 8 | Court of Session | identical |
| 10 | Assistant Sessions Judges | — | — | abolished. Merged with Sessions court provisions |
| 11 | Courts of Judicial Magistrates | 9 | Courts of Judicial Magistrates | modified. Metropolitan Magistrate distinction removed |
| 12 | Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate | 10 | Chief Judicial Magistrate | identical |
| 13 | Special Judicial Magistrates | 11 | Special Judicial Magistrates | identical |
| 14 | Local jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates | 12 | Local jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates | identical |
| 15 | Subordination of Judicial Magistrates | 13 | Subordination of Judicial Magistrates | identical |
| 16 | Courts of Metropolitan Magistrates | — | — | abolished. Metropolitan Magistrate system removed |
| 17 | Chief Metropolitan Magistrate and Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate | — | — | abolished. Merged into Judicial Magistrate system |
| 18 | Special Metropolitan Magistrates | — | — | abolished. Merged into Special Judicial Magistrates |
| 19 | Subordination of Metropolitan Magistrates | — | — | abolished. Merged into Judicial Magistrate hierarchy |
| 20 | Executive Magistrates | 14 | Executive Magistrates | identical |
| 21 | Special Executive Magistrates | 15 | Special Executive Magistrates | identical |
| 22 | Local jurisdiction of Executive Magistrates | 16 | Local jurisdiction of Executive Magistrates | identical |
| 23 | Subordination of Executive Magistrates | 17 | Subordination of Executive Magistrates | identical |
| 24 | Public Prosecutors | 18 | Public Prosecutors | modified. Expanded qualifications and appointment process |
| 25 | Assistant Public Prosecutors | 19 | Assistant Public Prosecutors | identical |
| 25A | Directorate of Prosecution | 20 | Directorate of Prosecution | identical |
Chapter III — Power of Courts (CrPC Sections 26-35; BNSS Sections 21-30)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | Courts by which offences are triable | 21 | Courts by which offences are triable | minor-edit |
| 27 | Jurisdiction in the case of juveniles | — | — | abolished. Covered by Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 |
| 28 | Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass | 22 | Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass | identical |
| 29 | Sentences which Magistrates may pass | 23 | Sentences which Magistrates may pass | modified. Community service added |
| 30 | Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine | 24 | Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine | identical |
| 31 | Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial | 25 | Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial | identical |
| 32 | Mode of conferring powers | 26 | Mode of conferring powers | identical |
| 33 | Powers of officers appointed | 27 | Powers of officers appointed | identical |
| 34 | Withdrawal of powers | 28 | Withdrawal of powers | identical |
| 35 | Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by their successors-in-office | 29 | Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by successors | identical |
Chapter IV — Provisions Relating to Police (CrPC Sections 36-40; BNSS Sections 30-34)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36 | Powers of superior officers of police | 30 | Powers of superior officers of police | identical |
| 37 | Public when to assist Magistrates and police | 31 | Public when to assist Magistrates and police | identical |
| 38 | Aid to person other than police executing warrant | 32 | Aid to person other than police executing warrant | identical |
| 39 | Public to give information of certain offences | 33 | Public to give information of certain offences | identical |
| 40 | Duty of officers employed in connection with the affairs of a village | 34 | Duty of officers employed in connection with village affairs | identical |
Chapter V — Arrest of Persons (CrPC Sections 41-60A; BNSS Sections 35-62)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | When police may arrest without warrant | 35(1)-(2) | When police may arrest without warrant | modified. Mandatory grounds for arrest specified; use of handcuffs restricted |
| 41A | Notice of appearance before police officer | 35(3) | Notice of appearance before police officer | merged |
| 41B | Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making arrest | 36 | Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making arrest | modified. Mandatory information to arrested person about grounds expanded |
| 41C | Control room at districts | 37 | Designated police officer at district and state level | modified. Expanded to state-level officer |
| 41D | Right of arrested person to meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation | 38 | Right of arrested person to meet advocate of his choice | identical |
| 42 | Arrest on refusal to give name and residence | 39 | Arrest on refusal to give name and residence | identical |
| 43 | Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest | 40 | Arrest by private person | identical |
| 44 | Arrest by Magistrate | 41 | Arrest by Magistrate | identical |
| 45 | Protection of members of Armed Forces from arrest | 42 | Protection of members of Armed Forces from arrest | identical |
| 46 | Arrest how made | 43 | Arrest how made | modified. Use of handcuffs permitted only in specified circumstances |
| 47 | Search of place entered by person sought to be arrested | 44 | Search of place entered by person sought to be arrested | identical |
| 48 | Pursuit of offenders into other jurisdictions | 45 | Pursuit of offenders into other jurisdictions | identical |
| 49 | No unnecessary restraint | 46 | No unnecessary restraint | identical |
| 50 | Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bail | 47 | Person arrested to be informed of grounds and right to bail | modified. Must inform about right to legal representation and to have person informed |
| 50A | Obligation of person making arrest to inform about the arrest, etc., to a nominated person | 48 | Obligation to inform about arrest to nominated person | modified. Information to be given within specified time |
| 51 | Search of arrested persons | 49 | Search of arrested persons | identical |
| 52 | Power to seize offensive weapons | 50 | Power to seize offensive weapons | identical |
| 53 | Examination of person accused of offence by medical practitioner at the request of police officer | 51 | Examination of accused by medical practitioner | modified. Electronic and digital records of examination |
| 53A | Examination of person accused of rape by medical practitioner | 52 | Examination of accused of rape by medical practitioner | identical |
| 54 | Examination of arrested person by medical officer | 53 | Examination of arrested person by medical officer | identical |
| 54A | Identification of person arrested | 54 | Identification of person arrested | expanded. Includes biological samples, voice samples, and analysis |
| 55 | Procedure when police officer deputes subordinate to arrest without warrant | 55 | Procedure when police officer deputes subordinate | identical |
| 55A | Health and safety of arrested person | 56 | Health and safety of arrested person | identical |
| 56 | Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate or officer in charge of police station | 57 | Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate | identical |
| 57 | Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours | 58 | Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours | identical |
| 58 | Police to report apprehensions | 59 | Police to report apprehensions | identical |
| 59 | Discharge of person apprehended | 60 | Discharge of person apprehended | identical |
| 60 | Power, on escape, to pursue and retake | 61 | Power to pursue and retake on escape | identical |
| 60A | Arrest to be made strictly according to the Code | 62 | Arrest to be made strictly according to Sanhita | minor-edit |
Chapter VI — Processes to Compel Appearance: Summons (CrPC Sections 61-69; BNSS Sections 63-71)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 61 | Form of summons | 63 | Form of summons | modified. Electronic summons permitted |
| 62 | Summons how served | 64 | Summons how served | modified. Service by electronic means permitted |
| 63 | Service of summons on corporate bodies and societies | 65 | Service of summons on corporate bodies, firms and societies | identical |
| 64 | Service when persons summoned cannot be found | 66 | Service when persons summoned cannot be found | identical |
| 65 | Procedure when service cannot be effected as before provided | 67 | Procedure when service cannot be effected | identical |
| 66 | Service on Government servant | 68 | Service on Government servant | identical |
| 67 | Service of summons outside local limits | 69 | Service of summons outside local limits | identical |
| 68 | Proof of service in such cases and when serving officer not present | 70 | Proof of service | identical |
| 69 | Service of summons on witness by post | 71 | Service of summons on witness by post | identical |
Chapter VI — Processes to Compel Appearance: Warrants (CrPC Sections 70-81; BNSS Sections 72-83)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 70 | Form of warrant of arrest and duration | 72 | Form of warrant and duration | modified. Electronic warrants permitted |
| 71 | Power to direct security to be taken | 73 | Power to direct security to be taken | identical |
| 72 | Warrants to whom directed | 74 | Warrants to whom directed | identical |
| 73 | Warrant may be directed to any person | 75 | Warrant may be directed to any person | identical |
| 74 | Warrant directed to police officer | 76 | Warrant directed to police officer | identical |
| 75 | Notification of substance of warrant | 77 | Notification of substance of warrant | identical |
| 76 | Person arrested to be brought before Court without delay | 78 | Person arrested to be brought before Court without delay | identical |
| 77 | Where warrant may be executed | 79 | Where warrant may be executed | identical |
| 78 | Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction | 80 | Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction | identical |
| 79 | Warrant directed to police officer for execution outside jurisdiction | 81 | Warrant directed to police for execution outside jurisdiction | identical |
| 80 | Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issued | 82 | Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issued | identical |
| 81 | Procedure by Magistrate before whom such person is produced | 83 | Procedure by Magistrate before whom arrested person produced | identical |
Proclamation and Attachment (CrPC Sections 82-86; BNSS Sections 84-89)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 82 | Proclamation for person absconding | 84 | Proclamation for person absconding | modified. Court may also publish on digital platforms |
| 83 | Attachment of property of person absconding | 85 | Attachment of property of person absconding | identical |
| — | — | 86 | Identification and attachment of property of proclaimed person | new-provision |
| 84 | Claims and objections to attachment | 87 | Claims and objections to attachment | identical |
| 85 | Release, sale and restoration of attached property | 88 | Release, sale and restoration of attached property | identical |
| 86 | Appeal from order rejecting application for restoration of attached property | 89 | Appeal from order rejecting restoration application | identical |
Other Provisions as to Processes (CrPC Sections 87-90; BNSS Sections 90-93)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 87 | Issue of warrant in lieu of, or in addition to, summons | 90 | Issue of warrant in lieu of or addition to summons | identical |
| 88 | Power to take bond for appearance | 91 | Power to take bond or bail bond for appearance | minor-edit |
| 89 | Arrest on breach of bond for appearance | 92 | Arrest on breach of bond or bail bond for appearance | minor-edit |
| 90 | Provisions of this Chapter generally applicable to summons and warrants of arrest | 93 | Provisions applicable to summons and warrants | identical |
Chapter VII — Processes to Compel Production of Things (CrPC Sections 91-105; BNSS Sections 94-124)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 91 | Summons to produce document or other thing | 94 | Summons to produce document or other thing | modified. Includes electronic records and devices |
| 92 | Procedure as to letters and telegrams | 95 | Procedure as to letters and electronic communication | modified. Updated for electronic communications |
| 93 | When search-warrant may be issued | 96 | When search-warrant may be issued | identical |
| 94 | Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc. | 97 | Search of place suspected to contain stolen property | identical |
| 95 | Power to declare certain publications forfeited and to issue search-warrants for the same | 98 | Power to declare certain publications forfeited | identical |
| 96 | Application to High Court to set aside declaration of forfeiture | 99 | Application to High Court to set aside forfeiture | identical |
| 97 | Search for persons wrongfully confined | 100 | Search for persons wrongfully confined | identical |
| 98 | Power to compel restoration of abducted females | 101 | Power to compel restoration of abducted females | identical |
| 99 | Direction, etc., of search-warrants | 102 | Direction of search-warrants | identical |
| 100 | Persons in charge of closed place to allow search | 103 | Persons in charge of closed place to allow search | identical |
| 101 | Disposal of things found in search beyond jurisdiction of Court issuing warrant | 104 | Disposal of things found in search beyond jurisdiction | identical |
| — | — | 105 | Recording of search and seizure through audio-video electronic means | new-provision. Mandatory AV recording of search and seizure |
| 102 | Power of police officer to seize certain property | 106 | Power of police officer to seize certain property | modified. Includes electronic devices |
| — | — | 107 | Attachment, forfeiture and restoration of property | new-provision |
| 103 | Magistrate may direct search in his presence | 108 | Magistrate may direct search in his presence | identical |
| 104 | Power to impound document, etc., produced | 109 | Power to impound document produced | identical |
| 105 | Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes | 110 | Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes | identical |
| 105A | Definitions (mutual legal assistance) | 111 | Definitions | identical |
| 166A | Letter of request to competent authority for investigation in a country or place outside India | 112 | Letter of request to competent authority outside India | identical |
| 166B | Letter of request from a country or place outside India to a Court or authority in India | 113 | Letter of request from country outside India | identical |
| 105B | Assistance in securing transfer of persons | 114 | Assistance in securing transfer of persons | identical |
| 105C | Assistance in relation to orders of attachment or forfeiture of property | 115 | Assistance in relation to orders of attachment or forfeiture | identical |
| 105D | Identifying unlawfully acquired property | 116 | Identifying unlawfully acquired property | identical |
| 105E | Seizure or attachment of property | 117 | Seizure or attachment of property | identical |
| 105F | Management of properties seized or forfeited under this Chapter | 118 | Management of properties seized or forfeited | identical |
| 105G | Notice of forfeiture of property | 119 | Notice of forfeiture of property | identical |
| 105H | Forfeiture of property in certain cases | 120 | Forfeiture of property in certain cases | identical |
| 105I | Fine in lieu of forfeiture | 121 | Fine in lieu of forfeiture | identical |
| 105J | Certain transfers to be null and void | 122 | Certain transfers to be null and void | identical |
| 105K | Procedure in respect of letter of request | 123 | Procedure in respect of letter of request | identical |
| 105L | Application of this Chapter | 124 | Application of this Chapter | identical |
Chapter VIII — Security for Keeping the Peace and Good Behaviour (CrPC Sections 106-124; BNSS Sections 125-143)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 106 | Security for keeping the peace on conviction | 125 | Security for keeping the peace on conviction | identical |
| 107 | Security for keeping the peace in other cases | 126 | Security for keeping the peace in other cases | identical |
| 108 | Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating seditious matter | 127 | Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating matter endangering sovereignty | minor-edit. Reference updated from sedition to BNS 152 |
| 109 | Security for good behaviour from suspected persons | 128 | Security for good behaviour from suspected persons | identical |
| 110 | Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders | 129 | Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders | identical |
| 111 | Order to be made | 130 | Order to be made | identical |
| 112 | Procedure in respect of person present in Court | 131 | Procedure in respect of person present in Court | identical |
| 113 | Summons or warrant in case of person not so present | 132 | Summons or warrant in case of person not present | identical |
| 114 | Copy of order under section 112 to accompany summons or warrant | 133 | Copy of order to accompany summons or warrant | identical |
| 115 | Power to dispense with personal attendance | 134 | Power to dispense with personal attendance | identical |
| 116 | Inquiry as to truth of information | 135 | Inquiry as to truth of information | identical |
| 117 | Order to give security | 136 | Order to give security | identical |
| 118 | Discharge of person informed against | 137 | Discharge of person informed against | identical |
| 119 | Commencement of period for which security is required | 138 | Commencement of period for which security is required | identical |
| 120 | Contents of bond | 139 | Contents of bond | identical |
| 121 | Power to reject sureties | 140 | Power to reject sureties | identical |
| 122 | Imprisonment in default of security | 141 | Imprisonment in default of security | identical |
| 123 | Power to release persons imprisoned for failing to give security | 142 | Power to release persons imprisoned for failing to give security | identical |
| 124 | Security for unexpired period of bond | 143 | Security for unexpired period of bond | identical |
Chapter IX — Order for Maintenance (CrPC Sections 125-128; BNSS Sections 144-147)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 125 | Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents | 144 | Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents | modified. Electronic filing of application permitted; interim maintenance within 60 days |
| 126 | Procedure | 145 | Procedure | identical |
| 127 | Alteration in allowance | 146 | Alteration in allowance | identical |
| 128 | Enforcement of order of maintenance | 147 | Enforcement of order of maintenance | identical |
Chapter X — Public Order and Tranquillity (CrPC Sections 129-148; BNSS Sections 148-167)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 129 | Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force | 148 | Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force | identical |
| 130 | Use of armed forces to disperse assembly | 149 | Use of armed forces to disperse assembly | identical |
| 131 | Power of certain armed force officers to disperse assembly | 150 | Power of certain armed force officers to disperse assembly | identical |
| 132 | Protection against prosecution for acts done under sections 129, 130, 131 | 151 | Protection against prosecution for acts done under sections 148, 149, 150 | minor-edit |
| 133 | Conditional order for removal of nuisance | 152 | Conditional order for removal of nuisance | identical |
| 134 | Service or notification of order | 153 | Service or notification of order | identical |
| 135 | Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause | 154 | Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause | identical |
| 136 | Consequences of failing to obey order | 155 | Consequences of failing to obey order | identical |
| 137 | Procedure where existence of public right is denied | 156 | Procedure where existence of public right is denied | identical |
| 138 | Procedure where he appears to show cause | 157 | Procedure where person appears to show cause | identical |
| 139 | Power of Magistrate to direct local investigation and examination of expert | 158 | Power of Magistrate to direct local investigation | identical |
| 140 | Power of Magistrate to furnish written instructions, etc. | 159 | Power of Magistrate to furnish written instructions | identical |
| 141 | Procedure on order being made absolute and consequence of disobedience | 160 | Procedure on order being made absolute | identical |
| 142 | Injunction pending inquiry | 161 | Injunction pending inquiry | identical |
| 143 | Magistrate may prohibit repetition or continuance of public nuisance | 162 | Magistrate may prohibit repetition of public nuisance | identical |
| 144 | Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger | 163 | Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger | modified. Maximum period and renewal provisions clarified |
| 145 | Procedure where dispute concerning land or water is likely to cause breach of peace | 164 | Procedure where dispute concerning land likely to cause breach of peace | identical |
| 146 | Power to attach subject of dispute and to appoint receiver | 165 | Power to attach subject of dispute and appoint receiver | identical |
| 147 | Dispute concerning right of use of land or water | 166 | Dispute concerning right of use of land or water | identical |
| 148 | Local inquiry | 167 | Local inquiry | identical |
Chapter XI — Preventive Action of the Police (CrPC Sections 149-153; BNSS Sections 168-172)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 149 | Police to prevent cognizable offences | 168 | Police to prevent cognizable offences | identical |
| 150 | Information of design to commit cognizable offences | 169 | Information of design to commit cognizable offences | identical |
| 151 | Arrest to prevent the commission of cognizable offences | 170 | Arrest to prevent commission of cognizable offences | identical |
| 152 | Prevention of injury to public property | 171 | Prevention of injury to public property | identical |
| 153 | Inspection of weights and measures | — | — | abolished. Covered by Legal Metrology Act, 2009 |
| — | — | 172 | Persons bound to conform to lawful directions of police officers | new-provision |
Chapter XII — Information to Police and their Powers to Investigate (CrPC Sections 154-176; BNSS Sections 173-196)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 154 | Information in cognizable cases (FIR) | 173 | Information in cognizable cases | modified. FIR can be filed electronically; information by electronic communication; zero FIR concept formalised |
| 155 | Information as to non-cognizable cases and investigation of such cases | 174 | Information as to non-cognizable cases | identical |
| 156 | Police officer's power to investigate cognizable case | 175 | Police officer's power to investigate cognizable case | modified. Preliminary inquiry mandatory for offences with 3-7 years punishment |
| 157 | Procedure for investigation | 176 | Procedure for investigation | identical |
| 158 | Report how submitted | 177 | Report how submitted | identical |
| 159 | Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry | 178 | Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry | identical |
| 160 | Police officer's power to require attendance of witnesses | 179 | Police officer's power to require attendance of witnesses | modified. Attendance by electronic means permitted for women and vulnerable persons |
| 161 | Examination of witnesses by police | 180 | Examination of witnesses by police | modified. Audio-video recording mandatory for certain offences |
| 162 | Statements to police not to be signed; use of statements in evidence | 181 | Statements to police and use thereof | identical |
| 163 | No inducement to be offered | 182 | No inducement to be offered | identical |
| 164 | Recording of confessions and statements | 183 | Recording of confessions and statements | modified. Audio-video recording of confessions mandatory |
| 164A | Medical examination of the victim of rape | 184 | Medical examination of victim of rape | identical |
| 165 | Search by police officer | 185 | Search by police officer | modified. Must be recorded by audio-video means |
| 166 | When officer in charge of police station may require another to issue search-warrant | 186 | When officer in charge may require another to issue search-warrant | identical |
| 167 | Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours | 187 | Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in 24 hours | modified. First remand to be produced before Magistrate; electronic remand permitted; total detention periods revised |
| 168 | Report of investigation by subordinate police officer | 188 | Report of investigation by subordinate police officer | identical |
| 169 | Release of accused when evidence is deficient | 189 | Release of accused when evidence is deficient | identical |
| 170 | Cases to be sent to Magistrate when evidence is sufficient | 190 | Cases to be sent to Magistrate when evidence is sufficient | identical |
| 171 | Complainant and witnesses not to be required to accompany police officer and not to be subjected to restraint | 191 | Complainant and witnesses not to be required to accompany police | identical |
| 172 | Diary of proceedings in investigation | 192 | Diary of proceedings in investigation | identical |
| 173 | Report of police officer on completion of investigation (chargesheet) | 193 | Report of police officer on completion of investigation | modified. 90-day timeline for filing chargesheet; must include summary of evidence; electronic filing permitted |
| 174 | Police to enquire and report on suicide, etc. | 194 | Police to enquire and report on suicide | identical |
| 175 | Power to summon persons to produce documents or things | 195 | Power to summon persons | identical |
| 176 | Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death | 196 | Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death | modified. Mandatory forensic investigation for offences carrying 7+ years imprisonment |
Chapter XIII — Jurisdiction of Criminal Courts (CrPC Sections 177-189; BNSS Sections 197-209)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 177 | Ordinary place of inquiry and trial | 197 | Ordinary place of inquiry and trial | identical |
| 178 | Place of inquiry or trial | 198 | Place of inquiry or trial | identical |
| 179 | Offence triable where act is done or consequence ensues | 199 | Offence triable where act is done or consequence ensues | identical |
| 180 | Place of trial where act is an offence by reason of relation to other offence | 200 | Place of trial where act is offence by relation to other offence | identical |
| 181 | Place of trial in case of certain offences | 201 | Place of trial in case of certain offences | identical |
| 182 | Offences committed by letters, etc. | 202 | Offences committed by electronic communication | modified. Updated for electronic/digital communications |
| 183 | Offence committed on journey or voyage | 203 | Offence committed on journey or voyage | identical |
| 184 | Place of trial for offences triable together | 204 | Place of trial for offences triable together | identical |
| 185 | Power to order cases to be tried in any district | 205 | Power to order cases to be tried in different sessions divisions | identical |
| 186 | High Court to decide, in case of doubt, district where inquiry or trial shall take place | 206 | High Court to decide where inquiry or trial shall take place | identical |
| 187 | Power to issue summons or warrant for offence committed beyond local jurisdiction | 207 | Power to issue summons or warrant for offence beyond jurisdiction | identical |
| 188 | Offence committed outside India | 208 | Offence committed outside India | identical |
| 189 | Receipt of evidence relating to offences committed outside India | 209 | Receipt of evidence relating to offences outside India | identical |
Chapter XIV — Conditions for Initiation of Proceedings (CrPC Sections 190-199; BNSS Sections 210-222)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 190 | Cognizance of offences by Magistrates | 210 | Cognizance of offences by Magistrates | modified. Electronic complaints permitted |
| 191 | Transfer on application of the accused | 211 | Transfer on application of the accused | identical |
| 192 | Making over of cases to Magistrates | 212 | Making over of cases to Magistrates | identical |
| 193 | Cognizance of offences by Courts of Session | 213 | Cognizance of offences by Courts of Session | identical |
| 194 | Additional and Assistant Sessions Judges to try cases made over to them | 214 | Additional Sessions Judges to try cases | minor-edit |
| 195 | Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants, for offences against public justice and for offences relating to documents given in evidence | 215 | Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants | identical |
| 195A | Procedure for witnesses in case of threatening, etc. | 216 | Procedure for witnesses in case of threatening | identical |
| 196 | Prosecution for offences against the State and for criminal conspiracy to commit such offence | 217 | Prosecution for offences against the State | identical |
| 197 | Prosecution of Judges and public servants | 218 | Prosecution of Judges and public servants | identical |
| 198 | Prosecution for offences against marriage | 219 | Prosecution for offences against marriage | minor-edit. References updated to BNS sections |
| 198A | Prosecution of offences under section 498A IPC | 220 | Prosecution of offences under section 85 or 86 BNS | minor-edit |
| 198B | Cognizance of offence | 221 | Cognizance of offence | identical |
| 199 | Prosecution for defamation | 222 | Prosecution for defamation | identical |
Chapter XV — Complaints to Magistrates (CrPC Sections 200-204; BNSS Sections 223-227)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | Examination of complainant | 223 | Examination of complainant | modified. Electronic examination permitted |
| 201 | Procedure by Magistrate not competent to take cognizance of the case | 224 | Procedure by Magistrate not competent to take cognizance | identical |
| 202 | Postponement of issue of process | 225 | Postponement of issue of process | identical |
| 203 | Dismissal of complaint | 226 | Dismissal of complaint | identical |
| 204 | Issue of process | 227 | Issue of process | identical |
Chapter XVI — Commencement of Proceedings Before Magistrates (CrPC Sections 204-210; BNSS Sections 227-233)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 205 | Magistrate may dispense with personal attendance of accused | 228 | Magistrate may dispense with personal attendance of accused | identical |
| 206 | Special summons in cases of petty offence | 229 | Special summons in cases of petty offence | identical |
| 207 | Supply to the accused of copy of police report and other documents | 230 | Supply to accused of copy of police report and documents | modified. Includes electronic copies |
| 208 | Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by Court of Session | 231 | Supply of copies to accused in cases triable by Court of Session | identical |
| 209 | Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it | 232 | Commitment of case to Court of Session | identical |
| 210 | Procedure to be followed when there is a complaint case and police investigation | 233 | Procedure when complaint case and police investigation coexist | identical |
Chapter XVII — The Charge (CrPC Sections 211-224; BNSS Sections 234-247)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 211 | Contents of charge | 234 | Contents of charge | identical |
| 212 | Particulars as to time, place and person | 235 | Particulars as to time, place and person | identical |
| 213 | When manner of committing offence must be stated | 236 | When manner of committing offence must be stated | identical |
| 214 | Words in charge taken in sense of law under which offence is punishable | 237 | Words in charge taken in sense of law | identical |
| 215 | Effect of errors | 238 | Effect of errors | identical |
| 216 | Court may alter charge | 239 | Court may alter charge | identical |
| 217 | Recall of witnesses when charge altered | 240 | Recall of witnesses when charge altered | identical |
| 218 | Separate charges for distinct offences | 241 | Separate charges for distinct offences | identical |
| 219 | Three offences of same kind within year may be charged together | 242 | Three offences of same kind within year may be charged together | identical |
| 220 | Trial for more than one offence | 243 | Trial for more than one offence | identical |
| 221 | Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed | 244 | Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed | identical |
| 222 | When offence proved included in offence charged | 245 | When offence proved included in offence charged | identical |
| 223 | What persons may be charged jointly | 246 | What persons may be charged jointly | identical |
| 224 | Withdrawal of remaining charges on conviction on one of several charges | 247 | Withdrawal of remaining charges on conviction | identical |
Chapter XVIII — Trial Before Court of Session (CrPC Sections 225-237; BNSS Sections 248-260)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 225 | Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor | 248 | Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor | identical |
| 226 | Opening case for prosecution | 249 | Opening case for prosecution | identical |
| 227 | Discharge | 250 | Discharge | identical |
| 228 | Framing of charge | 251 | Framing of charge | modified. Charge to be framed within 60 days of first hearing |
| 229 | Conviction on plea of guilty | 252 | Conviction on plea of guilty | identical |
| 230 | Date for prosecution evidence | 253 | Date for prosecution evidence | modified. 30-day timeline for commencement |
| 231 | Evidence for prosecution | 254 | Evidence for prosecution | identical |
| 232 | Acquittal | 255 | Acquittal | identical |
| 233 | Entering upon defence | 256 | Entering upon defence | identical |
| 234 | Arguments | 257 | Arguments | identical |
| 235 | Judgment of acquittal or conviction | 258 | Judgment of acquittal or conviction | modified. Judgment within 45 days of completion of arguments |
| 236 | Previous conviction | 259 | Previous conviction | identical |
| 237 | Procedure in cases instituted under section 199 (2) | 260 | Procedure in cases under section 222(2) | minor-edit |
Chapter XIX — Trial of Warrant Cases by Magistrates (CrPC Sections 238-250; BNSS Sections 261-273)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 238 | Compliance with section 207 | 261 | Compliance with section 230 | minor-edit |
| 239 | When accused shall be discharged | 262 | When accused shall be discharged | identical |
| 240 | Framing of charge | 263 | Framing of charge | identical |
| 241 | Conviction on plea of guilty | 264 | Conviction on plea of guilty | identical |
| 242 | Evidence for prosecution | 265 | Evidence for prosecution | identical |
| 243 | Evidence for defence | 266 | Evidence for defence | identical |
| 244 | Evidence for prosecution (complaint cases) | 267 | Evidence for prosecution in complaint cases | identical |
| 245 | When accused shall be discharged (complaint cases) | 268 | When accused shall be discharged in complaint cases | identical |
| 246 | Procedure where accused is not discharged | 269 | Procedure where accused is not discharged | identical |
| 247 | Evidence for defence | 270 | Evidence for defence | identical |
| 248 | Acquittal or conviction | 271 | Acquittal or conviction | identical |
| 249 | Absence of complainant | 272 | Absence of complainant | identical |
| 250 | Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause | 273 | Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause | identical |
Chapter XX — Trial of Summons Cases by Magistrates (CrPC Sections 251-259; BNSS Sections 274-282)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 251 | Substance of accusation to be stated | 274 | Substance of accusation to be stated | identical |
| 252 | Conviction on plea of guilty | 275 | Conviction on plea of guilty | identical |
| 253 | Conviction on plea of guilty in absence of accused in petty cases | 276 | Conviction on plea of guilty in absence in petty cases | identical |
| 254 | Procedure when not convicted | 277 | Procedure when not convicted | identical |
| 255 | Acquittal or conviction | 278 | Acquittal or conviction | identical |
| 256 | Non-appearance or death of complainant | 279 | Non-appearance or death of complainant | identical |
| 257 | Withdrawal of complaint | 280 | Withdrawal of complaint | identical |
| 258 | Power to stop proceedings in certain cases | 281 | Power to stop proceedings in certain cases | identical |
| 259 | Power of Court to convert summons-cases into warrant-cases | 282 | Power to convert summons-cases into warrant-cases | identical |
Chapter XXI — Summary Trials (CrPC Sections 260-265; BNSS Sections 283-288)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 260 | Power to try summarily | 283 | Power to try summarily | identical |
| 261 | Summary trial by Magistrate of the second class | 284 | Summary trial by Magistrate of second class | identical |
| 262 | Procedure for summary trials | 285 | Procedure for summary trials | identical |
| 263 | Record in summary trials | 286 | Record in summary trials | identical |
| 264 | Judgment in cases tried summarily | 287 | Judgment in cases tried summarily | identical |
| 265 | Language of record and judgment | 288 | Language of record and judgment | identical |
Chapter XXIA — Plea Bargaining (CrPC Sections 265A-265L; BNSS Sections 289-300)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 265A | Application of the Chapter | 289 | Application of the Chapter | identical |
| 265B | Application for plea bargaining | 290 | Application for plea bargaining | identical |
| 265C | Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition | 291 | Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition | identical |
| 265D | Report of the mutually satisfactory disposition to be submitted to the Court | 292 | Report of mutually satisfactory disposition | identical |
| 265E | Disposal of the case | 293 | Disposal of the case | identical |
| 265F | Judgment of the Court | 294 | Judgment of the Court | identical |
| 265G | Finality of the judgment | 295 | Finality of the judgment | identical |
| 265H | Power of the Court in plea bargaining | 296 | Power of the Court in plea bargaining | identical |
| 265-I | Period of detention already undergone by the accused to be set off against sentence of imprisonment | 297 | Period of detention set off against sentence | identical |
| 265J | Savings | 298 | Savings | identical |
| 265K | Statements of the accused not to be used | 299 | Statements of accused not to be used | identical |
| 265L | Non-application of the Chapter | 300 | Non-application of the Chapter | identical |
Chapter XXII — Attendance of Persons Confined or Detained (CrPC Sections 266-271; BNSS Sections 301-305)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 266 | Definitions | 301 | Definitions | identical |
| 267 | Power to require attendance of prisoners | 302 | Power to require attendance of prisoners | modified. Production through audio-video electronic means permitted |
| 268 | Power of State Government to exclude certain persons from operation of section 267 | 303 | Power of State/Central Government to exclude certain persons | expanded. Central Government also empowered |
| 269 | Officer in charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain contingencies | 304 | Officer in charge of prison to abstain in certain contingencies | identical |
| 270 | Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody | 305 | Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody | identical |
Chapter XXIII — Evidence in Inquiries and Trials (CrPC Sections 271-299; BNSS Sections 306-335)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 271 | Power to issue commission for examination of witness | 306 | Power to issue commission for examination of witness | modified. Includes examination through audio-video electronic means |
| 272 | Language of Courts | 307 | Language of Courts | identical |
| 273 | Evidence to be taken in presence of accused | 308 | Evidence to be taken in presence of accused | modified. Presence through audio-video electronic means permitted |
| 274 | Record in summons-cases and inquiries | 309 | Record in summons-cases and inquiries | identical |
| 275 | Record in warrant-cases | 310 | Record in warrant-cases | identical |
| 276 | Record in trial before Court of Session | 311 | Record in trial before Court of Session | identical |
| 277 | Language of record of evidence | 312 | Language of record of evidence | identical |
| 278 | Procedure with regard to such evidence when completed | 313 | Procedure regarding evidence when completed | identical |
| 279 | Interpretation of evidence to accused or his pleader | 314 | Interpretation of evidence to accused or his pleader | identical |
| 280 | Remarks respecting demeanour of witness | 315 | Remarks respecting demeanour of witness | identical |
| 281 | Record of examination of accused | 316 | Record of examination of accused | identical |
| 282 | Interpreter to be bound to interpret truthfully | 317 | Interpreter to be bound to interpret truthfully | identical |
| 283 | Record in High Court | 318 | Record in High Court | identical |
| 284 | When attendance of witness may be dispensed with and commission issued | 319 | When attendance of witness may be dispensed with | identical |
| 285 | Commission to whom to be issued | 320 | Commission to whom to be issued | identical |
| 286 | Execution of commissions | 321 | Execution of commissions | identical |
| 287 | Parties may examine witnesses | 322 | Parties may examine witnesses | identical |
| 288 | Return of commission | 323 | Return of commission | identical |
| 289 | Adjournment of proceeding | 324 | Adjournment of proceeding | identical |
| 290 | Execution of foreign commissions | 325 | Execution of foreign commissions | identical |
| 291 | Deposition of medical witness | 326 | Deposition of medical witness | identical |
| 291A | Identification report of Magistrate | 327 | Identification report of Magistrate | identical |
| 292 | Evidence of officers of the Mint | 328 | Evidence of officers of the Mint | identical |
| 293 | Reports of certain Government scientific experts | 329 | Reports of certain Government scientific experts | identical |
| 294 | No formal proof of certain documents | 330 | No formal proof of certain documents | identical |
| 295 | Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants | 331 | Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants | identical |
| 296 | Evidence of formal character on affidavit | 332 | Evidence of formal character on affidavit | identical |
| 297 | Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn | 333 | Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn | identical |
| 298 | Previous conviction or acquittal how proved | 334 | Previous conviction or acquittal how proved | identical |
| 299 | Record of evidence in absence of accused | 335 | Record of evidence in absence of accused | identical |
| — | — | 336 | Evidence of public servants and experts through audio-video electronic means | new-provision |
Chapter XXIV — General Provisions as to Inquiries and Trials (CrPC Sections 300-327; BNSS Sections 337-367)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 300 | Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence | 337 | Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence | identical |
| 301 | Appearance by Public Prosecutors | 338 | Appearance by Public Prosecutors | identical |
| 302 | Permission to conduct prosecution | 339 | Permission to conduct prosecution | identical |
| 303 | Right of person against whom proceedings are instituted to be defended | 340 | Right of person to be defended | identical |
| 304 | Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases | 341 | Legal aid to accused at State expense | identical |
| 305 | Procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused | 342 | Procedure when corporation or society is accused | identical |
| 306 | Tender of pardon to accomplice | 343 | Tender of pardon to accomplice | identical |
| 307 | Power to direct tender of pardon | 344 | Power to direct tender of pardon | identical |
| 308 | Trial of person not complying with conditions of pardon | 345 | Trial of person not complying with pardon conditions | identical |
| 309 | Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings | 346 | Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings | modified. Maximum two adjournments; reasons to be recorded; adjournment not to exceed 15 days at a time |
| 310 | Local inspection | 347 | Local inspection | identical |
| 311 | Power to summon material witness or examine person present | 348 | Power to summon material witness or examine person present | identical |
| 311A | Power of Magistrate to order person to give specimen signatures or handwriting | 349 | Power of Magistrate to order specimen signatures or handwriting | identical |
| 312 | Expenses of complainants and witnesses | 350 | Expenses of complainants and witnesses | identical |
| 313 | Power to examine the accused | 351 | Power to examine the accused | identical |
| 314 | Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments | 352 | Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments | identical |
| 315 | Accused person to be competent witness | 353 | Accused person to be competent witness | identical |
| 316 | No influence to be used to induce disclosure | 354 | No influence to be used to induce disclosure | identical |
| 317 | Provision for inquiries and trials being held in the absence of accused in certain cases | 355 | Inquiries and trials in absence of accused in certain cases | identical |
| — | — | 356 | Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender | new-provision. Trial in absentia for proclaimed offenders |
| 318 | Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings | 357 | Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings | identical |
| 319 | Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence | 358 | Power to proceed against other persons guilty of offence | identical |
| 320 | Compounding of offences | 359 | Compounding of offences | modified. Table of compoundable offences updated for BNS sections |
| 321 | Withdrawal from prosecution | 360 | Withdrawal from prosecution | identical |
| 322 | Procedure in cases which Magistrate cannot dispose of | 361 | Procedure in cases Magistrate cannot dispose of | identical |
| 323 | Procedure when, after commencement of inquiry or trial, Magistrate finds case should be committed | 362 | Procedure when Magistrate finds case should be committed | identical |
| 324 | Trial of persons previously convicted of offence against coinage, stamp-law or property-marks | 363 | Trial of persons previously convicted of coinage offences | identical |
| 325 | Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sufficient sentence | 364 | Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sufficient sentence | identical |
| 326 | Conviction or commitment on evidence partly recorded by one Magistrate and partly by another | 365 | Conviction on evidence partly recorded by different Magistrates | identical |
| 327 | Court to be open | 366 | Court to be open | identical |
Chapter XXV — Provisions as to Accused Persons of Unsound Mind (CrPC Sections 328-339; BNSS Sections 367-378)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 328 | Procedure in case of accused being lunatic | 367 | Procedure in case of accused being person of unsound mind | minor-edit. Updated terminology |
| 329 | Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court | 368 | Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court | identical |
| 330 | Release of lunatic pending investigation or trial | 369 | Release of person with mental illness pending investigation or trial | minor-edit |
| 331 | Resumption of inquiry or trial | 370 | Resumption of inquiry or trial | identical |
| 332 | Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court | 371 | Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court | identical |
| 333 | When accused appears to have been of sound mind | 372 | When accused appears to have been of sound mind | identical |
| 334 | Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind | 373 | Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind | identical |
| 335 | Person acquitted on such ground detained in safe custody | 374 | Person acquitted on ground of unsoundness detained in safe custody | identical |
| 336 | Power of State Government to empower officer in charge of psychiatric hospital or psychiatric nursing home to discharge | 375 | Power of State Government to empower officer | identical |
| 337 | Procedure where lunatic prisoner is reported capable of making his defence | 376 | Procedure where prisoner is reported capable of making defence | minor-edit |
| 338 | Procedure where such person is declared fit to be released | 377 | Procedure where person is declared fit to be released | identical |
| 339 | Delivery of lunatic to care of relative or friend | 378 | Delivery of person of unsound mind to care of relative or friend | minor-edit |
Chapter XXVI — Provisions as to Offences Affecting Administration of Justice (CrPC Sections 340-352; BNSS Sections 379-391)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 340 | Procedure in cases mentioned in section 195 | 379 | Procedure in cases mentioned in section 215 | minor-edit |
| 341 | Appeal | 380 | Appeal | identical |
| 342 | Power to order costs | 381 | Power to order costs | identical |
| 343 | Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance | 382 | Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance | identical |
| 344 | Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence | 383 | Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence | identical |
| 345 | Procedure in certain cases of contempt | 384 | Procedure in certain cases of contempt | identical |
| 346 | Procedure where Court considers that case should not be dealt with under section 345 | 385 | Procedure where Court considers case should not be dealt with | identical |
| 347 | When Registrar or Sub-Registrar to be deemed a Civil Court | 386 | When Registrar or Sub-Registrar deemed Civil Court | identical |
| 348 | Discharge of offender on submission of apology | 387 | Discharge of offender on submission of apology | identical |
| 349 | Imprisonment or committal of person refusing to answer or produce document | 388 | Imprisonment or committal for non-compliance | identical |
| 350 | Summary procedure for punishment for non-attendance by a witness | 389 | Summary procedure for non-attendance by witness | identical |
| 351 | Appeals from convictions under sections 344, 345, 349 and 350 | 390 | Appeals from convictions under related sections | minor-edit |
| 352 | Certain Judges and Magistrates not to try certain offences when committed before themselves | 391 | Certain Judges and Magistrates not to try certain offences | identical |
Chapter XXVII — The Judgment (CrPC Sections 353-365; BNSS Sections 392-405)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 353 | Judgment | 392 | Judgment | modified. Judgment to be delivered within 45 days of completion of arguments; judgment to be uploaded on court website |
| 354 | Language and contents of judgment | 393 | Language and contents of judgment | identical |
| 355 | Metropolitan Magistrate's judgment | — | — | abolished. Metropolitan Magistrate system removed |
| 356 | Order for notifying address of previously convicted offender | 394 | Order for notifying address of previously convicted offender | identical |
| 357 | Order to pay compensation | 395 | Order to pay compensation | modified. Enhanced compensation provisions |
| 357A | Victim compensation scheme | 396 | Victim compensation scheme | expanded. Combined with Section 357B |
| 357B | Compensation to be in addition to fine under section 326A or section 376D IPC | 396 | (Merged into victim compensation scheme) | merged |
| 357C | Treatment of victims | 397 | Treatment of victims | identical |
| — | — | 398 | Witness protection scheme | new-provision |
| 358 | Compensation to persons groundlessly arrested | 399 | Compensation to persons groundlessly arrested | identical |
| 360 | Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition | 400 | Order to release on probation or after admonition | identical |
| 361 | Special reasons to be recorded in certain cases | 401 | Special reasons to be recorded in certain cases | identical |
| 362 | Court not to alter judgment | 402 | Court not to alter judgment | identical |
| 363 | Copy of judgment to be given to the accused and other persons | 403 | Copy of judgment to be given to accused and other persons | identical |
| 364 | Judgment when to be translated | 404 | Judgment when to be translated | identical |
| 365 | Court of Session to send copy of finding and sentence to District Magistrate | 405 | Court of Session to send copy of finding and sentence | identical |
Chapter XXVIII — Submission of Death Sentences for Confirmation (CrPC Sections 366-371; BNSS Sections 406-411)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 366 | Sentence of death to be submitted by Court of Session to High Court | 406 | Sentence of death to be submitted to High Court | identical |
| 367 | Power to direct further inquiry to be made or additional evidence to be taken | 407 | Power to direct further inquiry or additional evidence | identical |
| 368 | Power of High Court to confirm sentence or annul conviction | 408 | Power of High Court to confirm sentence or annul conviction | identical |
| 369 | Confirmation or new sentence to be signed by two Judges | 409 | Confirmation or new sentence to be signed by two Judges | identical |
| 370 | Procedure in case of difference of opinion | 410 | Procedure in case of difference of opinion | identical |
| 371 | Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation | 411 | Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation | identical |
Chapter XXIX — Appeals (CrPC Sections 372-394; BNSS Sections 412-434)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 372 | No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided | 412 | No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided | modified. Right of victim to appeal against acquittal or inadequate compensation |
| 373 | Appeal from orders requiring security or refusal to accept or rejecting surety | 413 | Appeal from orders requiring security | identical |
| 374 | Appeals from convictions | 414 | Appeals from convictions | identical |
| 375 | No appeal in certain cases when accused pleads guilty | 415 | No appeal in certain cases when guilty plea | identical |
| 376 | No appeal in petty cases | 416 | No appeal in petty cases | identical |
| 377 | Appeal by the State Government against sentence | 417 | Appeal by State Government against sentence | identical |
| 378 | Appeal in case of acquittal | 418 | Appeal in case of acquittal | identical |
| 379 | Appeal against conviction by High Court in certain cases | 419 | Appeal against conviction by High Court | identical |
| 380 | Special right of appeal in certain cases | 420 | Special right of appeal in certain cases | identical |
| 381 | Appeal to Court of Session how heard | 421 | Appeal to Court of Session how heard | identical |
| 382 | Petition of appeal | 422 | Petition of appeal | identical |
| 383 | Procedure when appellant is in jail | 423 | Procedure when appellant is in jail | identical |
| 384 | Summary dismissal of appeal | 424 | Summary dismissal of appeal | identical |
| 385 | Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily | 425 | Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily | identical |
| 386 | Powers of the Appellate Court | 426 | Powers of the Appellate Court | identical |
| 387 | Judgments of subordinate Appellate Court | 427 | Judgments of subordinate Appellate Court | identical |
| 388 | Order of High Court on appeal to be certified to lower Court | 428 | Order of High Court certified to lower Court | identical |
| 389 | Suspension of sentence pending the appeal; release of appellant on bail | 429 | Suspension of sentence pending appeal | modified. Timeline for hearing bail application during appeal |
| 390 | Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal | 430 | Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal | identical |
| 391 | Appellate Court may take further evidence or direct it to be taken | 431 | Appellate Court may take further evidence | identical |
| 392 | Procedure where Judges of Court of Appeal are equally divided | 432 | Procedure where Judges are equally divided | identical |
| 393 | Finality of judgments and orders on appeal | 433 | Finality of judgments and orders on appeal | identical |
| 394 | Abatement of appeals | 434 | Abatement of appeals | identical |
Chapter XXX — Reference and Revision (CrPC Sections 395-405; BNSS Sections 435-445)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 395 | Reference to High Court | 435 | Reference to High Court | identical |
| 396 | Disposal of case according to decision of High Court | 436 | Disposal of case according to decision of High Court | identical |
| 397 | Calling for records to exercise powers of revision | 437 | Calling for records to exercise revision powers | identical |
| 398 | Power to order inquiry | 438 | Power to order inquiry | identical |
| 399 | Sessions Judge's powers of revision | 439 | Sessions Judge's powers of revision | identical |
| 400 | Power of Additional Sessions Judge | 440 | Power of Additional Sessions Judge | identical |
| 401 | High Court's powers of revision | 441 | High Court's powers of revision | identical |
| 402 | Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision cases | 442 | Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision | identical |
| 403 | Option of Court to hear parties | 443 | Option of Court to hear parties | identical |
| 404 | Statement by Metropolitan Magistrate of grounds of his decision to be considered by High Court | — | — | abolished. Metropolitan Magistrate system removed |
| 405 | High Court's order to be certified to lower Court | 445 | High Court's order certified to lower Court | identical |
Chapter XXXI — Transfer of Criminal Cases (CrPC Sections 406-412; BNSS Sections 446-452)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 406 | Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals | 446 | Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals | identical |
| 407 | Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals | 447 | Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals | identical |
| 408 | Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals | 448 | Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals | identical |
| 409 | Withdrawal of cases and appeals by Sessions Judge | 449 | Withdrawal of cases and appeals by Sessions Judge | identical |
| 410 | Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrate | 450 | Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrate | identical |
| 411 | Making over or withdrawal of cases by Executive Magistrates | 451 | Making over or withdrawal by Executive Magistrates | identical |
| 412 | Reasons to be recorded | 452 | Reasons to be recorded | identical |
Chapter XXXII — Execution, Suspension, Remission and Commutation (CrPC Sections 413-435; BNSS Sections 453-477)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 413 | Execution of order passed under section 368 | 453 | Execution of order | identical |
| 414 | Execution of sentence of death passed by High Court | 454 | Execution of sentence of death by High Court | identical |
| 415 | Postponement of execution of sentence of death in case of appeal to Supreme Court | 455 | Postponement of execution in case of appeal | identical |
| 416 | Postponement of capital sentence on pregnant woman | 456 | Postponement of capital sentence on pregnant woman | identical |
| 417 | Power to appoint place of imprisonment | 457 | Power to appoint place of imprisonment | identical |
| 418 | Execution of sentence of imprisonment | 458 | Execution of sentence of imprisonment | identical |
| 419 | Direction of warrant for execution | 459 | Direction of warrant for execution | identical |
| 420 | Warrant with whom to be lodged | 460 | Warrant with whom to be lodged | identical |
| 421 | Warrant for levy of fine | 461 | Warrant for levy of fine | identical |
| 422 | Effect of such warrant | 462 | Effect of such warrant | identical |
| 423 | Warrant for levy of fine issued by a Court in any territory to which this Code does not extend | 463 | Warrant for fine issued outside jurisdiction | identical |
| 424 | Suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment | 464 | Suspension of execution of sentence | identical |
| 425 | Who may issue warrant | 465 | Who may issue warrant | identical |
| 426 | Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect | 466 | Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect | identical |
| 427 | Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence | 467 | Sentence on offender already sentenced | identical |
| 428 | Period of detention undergone by the accused to be set off against the sentence of imprisonment | 468 | Period of detention set off against sentence | identical |
| 429 | Saving | 469 | Saving | identical |
| 430 | Return of warrant on execution of sentence | 470 | Return of warrant on execution | identical |
| 431 | Money ordered to be paid recoverable as fine | 471 | Money ordered to be paid recoverable as fine | identical |
| — | — | 472 | Mercy petition in death sentence cases | new-provision. Statutory framework for mercy petitions |
| 432 | Power to suspend or remit sentences | 473 | Power to suspend or remit sentences | identical |
| 433 | Power to commute sentence | 474 | Power to commute sentence | identical |
| 433A | Restriction on powers of remission or commutation in certain cases | 475 | Restriction on powers of remission or commutation | identical |
| 434 | Concurrent power of Central Government in case of death sentences | 476 | Concurrent power of Central Government | identical |
| 435 | State Government to act after consultation with Central Government in certain cases | 477 | State Government to act after consultation with Central Government | identical |
Chapter XXXIII — Bail and Bonds (CrPC Sections 436-450; BNSS Sections 478-494)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 436 | In what cases bail to be taken | 478 | In what cases bail to be taken | identical |
| 436A | Maximum period for which an undertrial prisoner can be detained | 479 | Maximum period for which undertrial prisoner can be detained | modified. First-time offender who has undergone detention for one-third of maximum period entitled to bail |
| 437 | When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offence | 480 | When bail may be taken in non-bailable offence | identical |
| 437A | Bail to require accused to appear before next appellate Court | 481 | Bail to require accused to appear before appellate Court | identical |
| 438 | Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest | 482 | Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest (anticipatory bail) | identical |
| 439 | Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail | 483 | Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail | identical |
| 440 | Amount of bond and reduction thereof | 484 | Amount of bond and reduction thereof | identical |
| 441 | Bond of accused and sureties | 485 | Bond of accused and sureties | identical |
| 441A | Declaration by sureties | 486 | Declaration by sureties | identical |
| 442 | Discharge from custody | 487 | Discharge from custody | identical |
| 443 | Power to order sufficient bail when that first taken is insufficient | 488 | Power to order sufficient bail | identical |
| 444 | Discharge of sureties | 489 | Discharge of sureties | identical |
| 445 | Deposit instead of recognizance | 490 | Deposit instead of recognizance | identical |
| 446 | Procedure when bond has been forfeited | 491 | Procedure when bond has been forfeited | identical |
| 446A | Cancellation of bond and bail bond | 492 | Cancellation of bond and bail bond | identical |
| 447 | Procedure in case of insolvency or death of surety | 493 | Procedure in case of insolvency or death of surety | identical |
| 448 | Bond required from minor | 494 | Bond required from minor | identical |
Chapter XXXIV — Disposal of Property (CrPC Sections 451-459; BNSS Sections 497-505)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 449 | Appeal from orders under section 446 | 495 | Appeal from orders under section 491 | minor-edit |
| 450 | Power to direct levy of amount due on certain bonds | 496 | Power to direct levy on certain bonds | identical |
| 451 | Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial | 497 | Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial | identical |
| 452 | Order for disposal of property at conclusion of trial | 498 | Order for disposal of property at conclusion of trial | identical |
| 453 | Payment to innocent purchaser of money found on accused | 499 | Payment to innocent purchaser | identical |
| 454 | Appeal against orders under section 452 or 453 | 500 | Appeal against orders under section 498 or 499 | minor-edit |
| 455 | Destruction of libellous and other matter | 501 | Destruction of libellous and other matter | identical |
| 456 | Power to restore possession of immovable property | 502 | Power to restore possession of immovable property | identical |
| 457 | Procedure by police upon seizure of property | 503 | Procedure by police upon seizure of property | identical |
| 458 | Procedure when no claimant appears within six months | 504 | Procedure when no claimant appears | identical |
| 459 | Power to sell perishable property | 505 | Power to sell perishable property | identical |
Chapter XXXV — Irregular Proceedings (CrPC Sections 460-466; BNSS Sections 506-512)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 460 | Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings | 506 | Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings | identical |
| 461 | Irregularities which vitiate proceedings | 507 | Irregularities which vitiate proceedings | identical |
| 462 | Proceedings in wrong place | 508 | Proceedings in wrong place | identical |
| 463 | Non-compliance with provisions of section 164 or 281 | 509 | Non-compliance with provisions of section 183 or 316 | minor-edit |
| 464 | Effect of omission to frame or absence of or error in charge | 510 | Effect of omission to frame charge or error in charge | identical |
| 465 | Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity | 511 | Finding or sentence when reversible | identical |
| 466 | Defect or error not to make attachment or sale void | 512 | Defect or error not to make attachment or sale void | identical |
Chapter XXXVI — Limitation for Taking Cognizance (CrPC Sections 467-473; BNSS Sections 513-519)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 467 | Definitions (limitation) | 513 | Definitions | identical |
| 468 | Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of the period of limitation | 514 | Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of limitation period | identical |
| 469 | Commencement of the period of limitation | 515 | Commencement of period of limitation | identical |
| 470 | Exclusion of time in certain cases | 516 | Exclusion of time in certain cases | identical |
| 471 | Exclusion of date on which Court is closed | 517 | Exclusion of date on which Court is closed | identical |
| 472 | Continuing offence | 518 | Continuing offence | identical |
| 473 | Extension of period of limitation in certain cases | 519 | Extension of period of limitation in certain cases | identical |
Chapter XXXVII — Miscellaneous (CrPC Sections 474-484; BNSS Sections 520-531)
| CrPC Section | CrPC Title | BNSS Section | BNSS Title | Change Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 474 | Trials before High Courts: application of Chapter provisions | 520 | Trials before High Courts | identical |
| 475 | Delivery to commanding officers of persons liable to be tried by Court-Martial | 521 | Delivery to commanding officers | identical |
| 476 | Forms | 522 | Forms | identical |
| 477 | Power of High Court to make rules | 523 | Power of High Court to make rules | identical |
| 478 | Powers of High Court to make rules as to Courts of Judicial Magistrates | 524 | Powers of High Court to make rules for Judicial Magistrate Courts | minor-edit |
| 479 | Saving of inherent power of High Court | 525 | Duty of person not to sit in Court when having personal interest | modified. Recusal provision |
| — | — | 526 | Service of summons, notice and orders through electronic means | new-provision |
| — | — | 527 | Use of electronic communication and technology | new-provision. Comprehensive framework for electronic proceedings |
| 480 | Power of High Court to alter functions of officers | — | — | abolished. Integrated elsewhere |
| 481 | Exception to Magistrate's power | — | — | abolished. Integrated elsewhere |
| 482 | Saving of inherent powers of High Court | 528 | Saving of inherent powers of High Court | identical |
| 483 | Duty of High Court to exercise continuous superintendence over Courts of Judicial Magistrates | 529 | Duty of High Court to exercise continuous superintendence | identical |
| 484 | Repeal and savings | 531 | Repeal and savings | modified. Proceedings before 1 July 2024 continue under CrPC 1973 |
| — | — | 530 | Power of State Government to make rules | new-provision |
New BNSS Provisions (No CrPC Equivalent)
| BNSS Section | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 86 | Identification and attachment of property of proclaimed person | Enhanced powers to trace and attach property |
| 105 | Recording of search and seizure through audio-video electronic means | Mandatory AV recording of all search and seizure operations |
| 107 | Attachment, forfeiture and restoration of property | Additional property management provisions |
| 172 | Persons bound to conform to lawful directions of police officers | General duty to follow police directions |
| 336 | Evidence of public servants and experts through audio-video electronic means | Expert testimony by video |
| 356 | Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender | Trial in absentia for proclaimed offenders after specified period |
| 398 | Witness protection scheme | Statutory basis for witness protection |
| 472 | Mercy petition in death sentence cases | Statutory framework for processing mercy petitions with timelines |
| 526 | Service of summons, notice and orders through electronic means | Electronic service of process |
| 527 | Use of electronic communication and technology | Comprehensive electronic proceedings framework |
| 530 | Power of State Government to make rules | Rule-making power |
CrPC Sections Abolished (No BNSS Equivalent)
| CrPC Section | Title | Reason for Abolition |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | Metropolitan areas | Metropolitan Magistrate system abolished; unified Judicial Magistrate system |
| 10 | Assistant Sessions Judges | Merged with Sessions court provisions |
| 16-19 | Metropolitan Magistrate provisions (4 sections) | Metropolitan system abolished |
| 27 | Jurisdiction in case of juveniles | Covered by Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 |
| 153 | Inspection of weights and measures | Covered by Legal Metrology Act, 2009 |
| 355 | Metropolitan Magistrate's judgment | Metropolitan system abolished |
| 404 | Statement by Metropolitan Magistrate | Metropolitan system abolished |
How to Use This Table
Transitional applicability: Proceedings commenced before 1 July 2024 continue under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Section 531, BNSS). All proceedings initiated on or after 1 July 2024 are governed by the BNSS.
Finding a section: Use your browser's search function (Ctrl+F / Cmd+F) to locate any CrPC or BNSS section number.
Key structural changes:
- Metropolitan Magistrate system has been completely abolished; all such courts are now Judicial Magistrate Courts
- Electronic processes (FIR, summons, warrants, evidence) have been systematised throughout
- Mandatory timelines have been introduced for investigation (90 days for chargesheet), charge framing (60 days), and judgment delivery (45 days after arguments)
- Audio-video recording is mandatory for search and seizure operations and recording of confessions
- Trial in absentia is now permissible for proclaimed offenders
- Forensic investigation is mandatory for offences carrying 7+ years imprisonment
Change type guide:
- identical: No substantive change; renumbering only
- minor-edit: Language or reference updates without affecting legal substance
- modified: Substantive changes to scope, procedure, or timelines
- expanded: New sub-sections or broader coverage
- narrowed: Scope reduced
- merged: Multiple CrPC sections consolidated into one BNSS section
- new-provision: BNSS section with no CrPC predecessor
- abolished: CrPC section with no BNSS successor
Internal links: Individual section analysis pages are available at /old-law-new-law/crpc-bnss/section-{number}-{topic} for detailed comparison.