Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) to Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) Section Mapping — Complete Conversion Table

Master mapping table CrPC ↔ BNSS CrPC to BNSSBharatiya Nagarik Suraksha SanhitaCode of Criminal Procedurecriminal procedure reform
Change statistics
110
identical
274
minor edit
116
modified
20
expanded
1
narrowed
10
new provision
9
abolished
4
merged
0
split
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Legal Intelligence Agent
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The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) was replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) with effect from 1 July 2024. The BNSS runs to 531 sections, against the CrPC's 484 numbered sections (the CrPC also carried inserted lettered sections such as 41A-41D, 105A-105L and 265A-265L). Among other changes, the BNSS allows information about a cognizable offence to be given by electronic communication (section 173), requires search and seizure to be recorded through audio-video electronic means (section 105), provides for a forensic expert to visit the crime scene in offences punishable with seven years or more from a date the State Government notifies (section 176(3)), provides for trial and judgment in absentia of proclaimed offenders (section 356), and adds time limits at several procedural stages. Under BNSS section 531(2)(a), any appeal, application, trial, inquiry or investigation pending immediately before 1 July 2024 is disposed of, continued, held or made under the CrPC as in force before that date; on a reading of section 531, matters instituted on or after 1 July 2024 follow the BNSS. See which law applies to an offence committed before 1 July 2024.

Key Statistics

Counts below are of rows in the mapping table on this page (one row per CrPC section, or per CrPC-section-to-BNSS-provision pairing), each checked against the Gazette text of the BNSS and the text of the CrPC on 24 September 2026. They are not a count of sections in either Act.

Metric Count
CrPC — highest section number 484 (lettered sections inserted by amendment are additional)
BNSS — sections 531
Rows in the mapping table 544
Identical 110
Minor edit (drafting changes: "Code" to "Sanhita", "pleader" to "advocate", renumbered cross-references, wording) 274
Modified (substantive change, including new time limits and changed amounts) 116
Expanded 20
Narrowed 1
Merged 4
Split 0
New provision (no CrPC counterpart) 10
Abolished (no BNSS counterpart) 9

Complete CrPC to BNSS Section Mapping Table

Chapter I — Preliminary (CrPC Sections 1-5; BNSS Sections 1-5)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
1 Short title, extent and commencement 1 Short title, extent and commencement minor-edit
2 Definitions 2 Definitions modified. New definitions added for electronic communication, audio-video electronic means; also new: bail, bail bond, bond, Explanation to (l) (special Acts prevail); victim redefined in 2(1)(y); 2(2) now imports IT Act/BNS meanings; "India", "metropolitan area", "pleader", "prescribed" omitted
3 Construction of references 3 Construction of references modified. Metropolitan Magistrate construction rules removed; sub-section (1) now construes any reference in any law to a Magistrate (unqualified, first or second class) as a Judicial Magistrate of that class; "sifting" → "shifting" (as enacted); "subject to the provisions of clause (a)"
4 Trial of offences under IPC and other laws 4 Trial of offences under BNS and other laws minor-edit. References updated to BNS
5 Saving 5 Saving minor-edit. "this Code" → "this Sanhita"

Chapter II — Constitution of Criminal Courts and Offices (CrPC Sections 6-25A; BNSS Sections 6-20)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
6 Classes of Criminal Courts 6 Classes of Criminal Courts modified. Metropolitan Magistrate distinction removed
7 Territorial divisions 7 Territorial divisions modified. Proviso making every metropolitan area a separate sessions division and district omitted
8 Metropolitan areas — — abolished. Metropolitan Magistrate system removed
9 Court of Session 8 Court of Session modified. Assistant Sessions Judges omitted; new sub-sections (7)-(8) carry the distribution-of-business and urgent-application rules from CrPC 10(2)-(3), limited to Additional Sessions Judges; "rules" → "orders" in s.8(7); "by the Government"
10 Subordination of Assistant Sessions Judges 8(7)-(8) Court of Session merged. Sub-section (1) (subordination of Assistant Sessions Judges) has no BNSS equivalent; sub-sections (2)-(3) carried into BNSS 8(7)-(8) for Additional Sessions Judges
11 Courts of Judicial Magistrates 9 Courts of Judicial Magistrates modified. Metropolitan Magistrate distinction removed
12 Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, etc. 10 Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, etc. minor-edit. "(not being a metropolitan area)" omitted; clauses (3)(a)-(b) renumbered as sub-sections (3)-(4)
13 Special Judicial Magistrates 11 Special Judicial Magistrates minor-edit. Metropolitan-area exclusion and sub-section (3) (Metropolitan Magistrate powers) omitted
14 Local jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates 12 Local jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 11, 13 → 9, 11); metropolitan-area references omitted
15 Subordination of Judicial Magistrates 13 Subordination of Judicial Magistrates identical
16 Courts of Metropolitan Magistrates — — abolished. Metropolitan Magistrate system removed
17 Chief Metropolitan Magistrate and Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate — — abolished. Metropolitan Magistrate system removed
18 Special Metropolitan Magistrates — — abolished. Metropolitan Magistrate system removed
19 Subordination of Metropolitan Magistrates — — abolished. Metropolitan Magistrate system removed
20 Executive Magistrates 14 Executive Magistrates modified. "and in every metropolitan area" omitted; sub-sections (4A)-(5) renumbered (5)-(6); Commissioner of Police clause no longer limited to a metropolitan area; s.14(6) drops "in relation to a metropolitan area"
21 Special Executive Magistrates 15 Special Executive Magistrates expanded. Police officers not below the rank of Superintendent of Police or equivalent may also be appointed Special Executive Magistrates
22 Local jurisdiction of Executive Magistrates 16 Local jurisdiction of Executive Magistrates minor-edit. "Code" → "Sanhita"
23 Subordination of Executive Magistrates 17 Subordination of Executive Magistrates modified. Additional District Magistrate no longer excepted from subordination to the District Magistrate; separate allocation-of-business clause for the Additional District Magistrate folded into "distribution or allocation of business"
24 Public Prosecutors 18 Public Prosecutors modified. Proviso added: for the National Capital Territory of Delhi, the Central Government appoints the Public Prosecutor/Additional Public Prosecutors after consulting the Delhi High Court; "or class of cases" dropped from sub-section (2); practice-period rules (seven and ten years) unchanged; "pleader" replaced by "advocate" in sub-section (9); Explanation (b) adds "Special Public Prosecutor"
25 Assistant Public Prosecutors 19 Assistant Public Prosecutors modified. District Magistrate's ad hoc appointment now requires fourteen days' notice to the State Government; general bar on police officers (CrPC 25(2)) replaced by a proviso barring only an officer who took part in the investigation or is below the rank of Inspector
25A Directorate of Prosecution 20 Directorate of Prosecution expanded. District Directorate of Prosecution and Assistant Directors added; Director/Deputy Director eligibility raised from ten to fifteen years' practice (or Sessions Judge); Chief Justice concurrence dropped; monitoring functions assigned by punishment band; "Home Department"; new s.20(8) scrutiny of police reports and s.20(10)

Chapter III — Power of Courts (CrPC Sections 26-35; BNSS Sections 21-29)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
26 Courts by which offences are triable 21 Courts by which offences are triable minor-edit
27 Jurisdiction in the case of juveniles — — abolished. No corresponding provision in BNSS
28 Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass 22 Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass minor-edit. Sub-section (3) (Assistant Sessions Judge sentencing limits) omitted
29 Sentences which Magistrates may pass 23 Sentences which Magistrates may pass modified. Fine limits raised (Magistrate of the first class ₹10,000 → ₹50,000; second class ₹5,000 → ₹10,000); community service added as a sentence; sub-section (4) on Metropolitan Magistrates omitted
30 Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine 24 Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 29 → 23)
31 Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial 25 Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial modified. Court to order concurrent or consecutive sentences considering the gravity of offences; aggregate cap for consecutive sentences raised from fourteen to twenty years; IPC 71 → BNS 9; the CrPC default of consecutive running is replaced by the court's order
32 Mode of conferring powers 26 Mode of conferring powers identical
33 Powers of officers appointed 27 Powers of officers appointed identical
34 Withdrawal of powers 28 Withdrawal of powers identical
35 Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by their successors-in-office 29 Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by their successors-in-office minor-edit. References to Assistant Sessions Judges omitted

Chapter IV — Powers of Superior Officers of Police and Aid to the Magistrates and the Police (CrPC Sections 36-40; BNSS Sections 30-34)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
36 Powers of superior officers of police 30 Powers of superior officers of police identical
37 Public when to assist Magistrates and police 31 Public when to assist Magistrates and police minor-edit. "railway, canal, telegraph or" omitted from clause (c)
38 Aid to person, other than police officer, executing warrant 32 Aid to person, other than police officer, executing warrant identical
39 Public to give information of certain offences 33 Public to give information of certain offences modified. Offence list re-drawn by reference to BNS sections; adds BNS 111–113 and 141–144; illegal-gratification head (IPC 161–165A) dropped
40 Duty of officers employed in connection with the affairs of a village to make certain report 34 Duty of officers employed in connection with affairs of a village to make certain report modified. "thug" omitted; offence lists re-drawn by reference to BNS sections; "proclaimed offender" in sub-section (2)(ii) now tied to offences punishable with ten years or more, life or death under the BNS

Chapter V — Arrest of Persons (CrPC Sections 41-60A; BNSS Sections 35-62)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
41 When police may arrest without warrant 35(1)-(2) When police may arrest without warrant minor-edit. Clauses re-lettered (clause (ba) becomes (c)) and cross-references renumbered; conditions for arrest in clause (b) carried over unchanged
41A Notice of appearance before police officer 35(3)-(6) When police may arrest without warrant merged. CrPC 41A(1)-(4) carried into BNSS 35(3)-(6)
— — 35(7) When police may arrest without warrant new-provision. No arrest without prior permission of an officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police where the offence is punishable with imprisonment of less than three years and the person is infirm or above sixty years of age
41B Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making arrest 36 Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making arrest minor-edit. Arrested person may also have "any other person" named by him informed of the arrest
41C Control room at districts 37 Designated police officer modified. Police control rooms retained; State Government to designate a police officer not below the rank of Assistant Sub-Inspector in every district and police station to maintain arrest information, displayed prominently including in digital mode; CrPC 41C(2) and (3) (officer name display; State database) omitted
41D Right of arrested person to meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation 38 Right of arrested person to meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation identical
42 Arrest on refusal to give name and residence 39 Arrest on refusal to give name and residence minor-edit. "bond, with or without sureties" becomes "bond or bail bond"
43 Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest 40 Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest modified. Arrested person to be made over to a police officer "without unnecessary delay, but within six hours from such arrest"; police officer "shall take him in custody" (was "re-arrest"); cross-references s.41 → s.35(1), s.42 → s.39
44 Arrest by Magistrate 41 Arrest by Magistrate identical
45 Protection of members of the Armed Forces from arrest 42 Protection of members of Armed Forces from arrest minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (sections 41 to 44 → section 35 and sections 39 to 41)
46 Arrest how made 43 Arrest how made modified. New sub-section (3) allows the police officer, keeping in view the nature and gravity of the offence, to use handcuffs on specified categories (habitual or repeat offenders, escapees, and persons who have committed listed offences); women's night-arrest rule now refers to "the Magistrate of the first class"
47 Search of place entered by person sought to be arrested 44 Search of place entered by person sought to be arrested identical
48 Pursuit of offenders into other jurisdictions 45 Pursuit of offenders into other jurisdictions identical
49 No unnecessary restraint 46 No unnecessary restraint identical
50 Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bail 47 Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bail identical
50A Obligation of person making arrest to inform about the arrest, etc., to a nominated person 48 Obligation of person making arrest to inform about arrest, etc., to relative or friend modified. Information must also go to the designated police officer in the district; register form now "as the State Government may, by rules, provide"; minor edits: "this Code" → "this Sanhita", "friends, relatives" → "relatives, friends"
51 Search of arrested person 49 Search of arrested person identical
52 Power to seize offensive weapons 50 Power to seize offensive weapons minor-edit. Weapons may be taken "immediately after the arrest is made"
53 Examination of accused by medical practitioner at the request of police officer 51 Examination of accused by medical practitioner at request of police officer modified. Request may come from any police officer (Sub-Inspector rank requirement dropped); new sub-section (3) requires the report to be forwarded to the investigating officer without delay; "registered medical practitioner" now defined by reference to the National Medical Commission Act, 2019
53A Examination of person accused of rape by medical practitioner 52 Examination of person accused of rape by medical practitioner modified. Request may come from any police officer (Sub-Inspector rank requirement dropped); cross-reference renumbered (section 173(5) → 193(6))
54 Examination of arrested person by medical officer 53 Examination of arrested person by medical officer modified. New proviso allows one more examination if the medical officer or registered medical practitioner considers it necessary
54A Identification of person arrested 54 Identification of person arrested minor-edit. Identification by a disabled witness supervised by "a Magistrate" (was Judicial Magistrate) and recorded by audio-video electronic means (was videographed)
55 Procedure when police officer deputes subordinate to arrest without warrant 55 Procedure when police officer deputes subordinate to arrest without warrant minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (Chapter XII → XIII; section 41 → 35)
55A Health and safety of arrested person 56 Health and safety of arrested person identical
56 Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate or officer in charge of police station 57 Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate or officer in charge of police station identical
57 Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours 58 Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 167 → 187); Magistrate's Court described as "whether having jurisdiction or not"
58 Police to report apprehensions 59 Police to report apprehensions identical
59 Discharge of person apprehended 60 Discharge of person apprehended minor-edit. "own bond, or on bail" becomes "bond, or bail bond"
60 Power, on escape, to pursue and retake 61 Power, on escape, to pursue and retake minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 47 → 44)
60A Arrest to be made strictly according to the Code 62 Arrest to be made strictly according to Sanhita minor-edit

Chapter VI — Processes to Compel Appearance: Summons (CrPC Sections 61-69; BNSS Sections 63-71)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
61 Form of summons 63 Form of summons modified. Electronic summons permitted
62 Summons how served 64 Summons how served modified. Service by electronic means permitted; register proviso; "so served personally"
63 Service of summons on corporate bodies and societies 65 Service of summons on corporate bodies, firms, and societies modified. Service on a company via its Director, Manager, Secretary or other officer; "company" and "corporation" defined by reference to the Companies Act, 2013; new sub-section (2) on service on firms and other associations of individuals; only "corporation" defined by reference to the Companies Act 2013; comma dropped
64 Service when persons summoned cannot be found 66 Service when persons summoned cannot be found modified. Summons may be left with "some adult member" of the family (was "adult male member")
65 Procedure when service cannot be effected as before provided 67 Procedure when service cannot be effected as before provided minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 62-64 → 64-66)
66 Service on Government servant 68 Service on Government servant minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 62 → 64)
67 Service of summons outside local limits 69 Service of summons outside local limits identical
68 Proof of service in such cases and when serving officer not present 70 Proof of service in such cases and when serving officer not present modified. New sub-section (3): summons served by electronic communication under sections 64 to 71 treated as duly served, with an attested copy kept as proof; cross-references 62/64 → 64/66
69 Service of summons on witness by post 71 Service of summons on witness modified. Service on a witness by electronic communication added alongside registered post; heading drops "by post"; new ground: proof of electronic delivery under s.70(3); "may declare" → "may deem"

Chapter VI — Processes to Compel Appearance: Warrants (CrPC Sections 70-81; BNSS Sections 72-83)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
70 Form of warrant of arrest and duration 72 Form of warrant of arrest and duration identical
71 Power to direct security to be taken 73 Power to direct security to be taken minor-edit. "bond" becomes "bail bond"
72 Warrants to whom directed 74 Warrants to whom directed identical
73 Warrant may be directed to any person 75 Warrant may be directed to any person minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 71 → 73)
74 Warrant directed to police officer 76 Warrant directed to police officer identical
75 Notification of substance of warrant 77 Notification of substance of warrant identical
76 Person arrested to be brought before Court without delay 78 Person arrested to be brought before Court without delay minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 71 → 73)
77 Where warrant may be executed 79 Where warrant may be executed identical
78 Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction 80 Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 81 → 83)
79 Warrant directed to police officer for execution outside jurisdiction 81 Warrant directed to police officer for execution outside jurisdiction identical
80 Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issued 82 Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issued modified. New sub-section (2): arrest information to the designated police officer of the district and of the district where the person normally resides
81 Procedure by Magistrate before whom such person arrested is brought 83 Procedure by Magistrate before whom such person arrested is brought minor-edit. "bail" becomes "bail bond"; cross-references renumbered (sections 71, 78, 437 → 73, 80, 480)

Proclamation and Attachment (CrPC Sections 82-86; BNSS Sections 84-89)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
82 Proclamation for person absconding 84 Proclamation for person absconding modified. Proclaimed-offender declaration under sub-section (4) now available for any offence punishable with imprisonment of ten years or more, life or death under the BNS or any other law (replacing the list of IPC sections)
83 Attachment of property of person absconding 85 Attachment of property of person absconding minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 82 → 84); "attachment of property" and a semicolon in proviso (a)
— — 86 Identification and attachment of property of proclaimed person new-provision
84 Claims and objections to attachment 87 Claims and objections to attachment minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (section 83 → 85)
85 Release, sale and restoration of attached property 88 Release, sale and restoration of attached property minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 84 → 87); comma after "State Government" dropped in sub-s. (3)
86 Appeal from order rejecting application for restoration of attached property 89 Appeal from order rejecting application for restoration of attached property minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 85 → 88)

Other Rules Regarding Processes (CrPC Sections 87-90; BNSS Sections 90-93)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
87 Issue of warrant in lieu of, or in addition to, summons 90 Issue of warrant in lieu of, or in addition to, summons identical
88 Power to take bond for appearance 91 Power to take bond or bail bond for appearance minor-edit
89 Arrest on breach of bond for appearance 92 Arrest on breach of bond or bail bond for appearance minor-edit
90 Provisions of this Chapter generally applicable to summonses and warrants of arrest 93 Provisions of this Chapter generally applicable to summons and warrants of arrest identical

Chapter VII — Processes to Compel the Production of Things, and Chapter VIIA — Reciprocal Arrangements (CrPC Sections 91-105L, 166A-166B; BNSS Sections 94-124)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
91 Summons to produce document or other thing 94 Summons to produce document or other thing expanded. Adds "electronic communication, including communication devices, which is likely to contain digital evidence"; police order may be in physical or electronic form; IEA ss.123/124 → BSA ss.129/130; telegram/telegraph references dropped from sub-s. (3)
92 Procedure as to letters and telegrams 95 Procedure as to letters minor-edit. References to telegrams and the telegraph authority omitted
93 When search-warrant may be issued 96 When search-warrant may be issued minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 91, 92 → 94, 95); "or telegraph" omitted
94 Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc. 97 Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc. minor-edit. Metal Tokens Act, 1889 reference replaced by Coinage Act, 2011; IPC 292 reference replaced by BNS 294
95 Power to declare certain publications forfeited and to issue search-warrants for the same 98 Power to declare certain publications forfeited and to issue search-warrants for same modified. Offence references re-stated as BNS sections 152, 196, 197, 294, 295 and 299 (IPC 124A reference replaced by BNS 152); "same meanings"; "book; or"; cross-references 96 → 99 (BNS 152 is not a sedition equivalent)
96 Application to High Court to set aside declaration of forfeiture 99 Application to High Court to set aside declaration of forfeiture minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (section 95 → 98)
97 Search for persons wrongfully confined 100 Search for persons wrongfully confined identical
98 Power to compel restoration of abducted females 101 Power to compel restoration of abducted females modified. "under the age of eighteen years" omitted from "female child"; "husband" omitted from the persons to whom a female child may be restored
99 Direction, etc., of search-warrants 102 Direction, etc., of search-warrants minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
100 Persons in charge of closed place to allow search 103 Persons in charge of closed place to allow search minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (section 47 → 44; IPC 187 → BNS 222)
101 Disposal of things found in search beyond jurisdiction 104 Disposal of things found in search beyond jurisdiction identical
— — 105 Recording of search and seizure through audio-video electronic means new-provision. Mandatory AV recording of search and seizure
102 Power of police officer to seize certain property 106 Power of police officer to seize certain property minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 457, 458 → 503, 504)
— — 107 Attachment, forfeiture or restoration of property new-provision
103 Magistrate may direct search in his presence 108 Magistrate may direct search in his presence identical
104 Power to impound document, etc., produced 109 Power to impound document produced identical
105 Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes 110 Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; "prescribed" becomes "specified"
105A Definitions 111 Definitions identical
166A Letter of request to competent authority for investigation in a country or place outside India 112 Letter of request to competent authority for investigation in a country or place outside India minor-edit. Opening "Notwithstanding anything contained in this Code" omitted
166B Letter of request from a country or place outside India to a Court or an authority for investigation in India 113 Letter of request from a country or place outside India to a Court or an authority for investigation in India minor-edit. References to Metropolitan Magistrates omitted
105B Assistance in securing transfer of persons 114 Assistance in securing transfer of persons minor-edit. Opening "Notwithstanding anything contained in this Code" omitted
105C Assistance in relation to orders of attachment or forfeiture of property 115 Assistance in relation to orders of attachment or forfeiture of property minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 105D-105J → 116-122)
105D Identifying unlawfully acquired property 116 Identifying unlawfully acquired property minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 105C → 115)
105E Seizure or attachment of property 117 Seizure or attachment of property minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 105D → 116)
105F Management of properties seized or forfeited under this Chapter 118 Management of properties seized or forfeited under this Chapter minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 105E, 105H → 117, 120)
105G Notice of forfeiture of property 119 Notice of forfeiture of property minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 105D → 116)
105H Forfeiture of property in certain cases 120 Forfeiture of property in certain cases minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 105G → 119); Companies Act, 1956 reference replaced by Companies Act, 2013
105I Fine in lieu of forfeiture 121 Fine in lieu of forfeiture minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 105H → 120)
105J Certain transfers to be null and void 122 Certain transfers to be null and void minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 105E, 105G, 105H → 117, 119, 120)
105K Procedure in respect of letter of request 123 Procedure in respect of letter of request identical
105L Application of this Chapter 124 Application of this Chapter identical

Chapter VIII — Security for Keeping the Peace and Good Behaviour (CrPC Sections 106-124; BNSS Sections 125-143)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
106 Security for keeping the peace on conviction 125 Security for keeping peace on conviction minor-edit. "bond, with or without sureties" becomes "bond or bail bond"; offence references re-stated by reference to BNS (Chapter XI; sections 193(1), 196, 197)
107 Security for keeping the peace in other cases 126 Security for keeping peace in other cases minor-edit. "bond, with or without sureties" becomes "bond or bail bond"
108 Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating seditious matters 127 Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating certain matters modified. IPC 124A reference replaced by BNS 152 (and other IPC references by BNS 196, 197, 299, 294); "bond, with or without sureties" becomes "bond or bail bond"
109 Security for good behaviour from suspected persons 128 Security for good behaviour from suspected persons minor-edit. "bond, with or without sureties" becomes "bond or bail bond"
110 Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders 129 Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders modified. List of special Acts revised (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 and Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 omitted; Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 added; later Act titles used); IPC references re-stated as BNS Chapter X and sections 178-181; bond "with sureties" becomes "bail bond"
111 Order to be made 130 Order to be made minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; order to state the number of sureties "after considering the sufficiency and fitness of sureties" (was "number, character and class of sureties (if any)")
112 Procedure in respect of person present in Court 131 Procedure in respect of person present in Court identical
113 Summons or warrant in case of person not so present 132 Summons or warrant in case of person not so present identical
114 Copy of order to accompany summons or warrant 133 Copy of order to accompany summons or warrant minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 111, 113 → 130, 132)
115 Power to dispense with personal attendance 134 Power to dispense with personal attendance minor-edit. "pleader" becomes "advocate"
116 Inquiry as to truth of information 135 Inquiry as to truth of information minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; "bond, with or without sureties" becomes "bond or bail bond"
117 Order to give security 136 Order to give security minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered; "bond, with or without sureties" becomes "bond or bail bond"; "minor" becomes "child"
118 Discharge of person informed against 137 Discharge of person informed against minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 116 → 135)
119 Commencement of period for which security is required 138 Commencement of period for which security is required minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 106, 117 → 125, 136)
120 Contents of bond 139 Contents of bond minor-edit. "bond" becomes "bond or bail bond"
121 Power to reject sureties 140 Power to reject sureties minor-edit. References to "bond" become "bail bond"
122 Imprisonment in default of security 141 Imprisonment in default of security minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; "bond without sureties" becomes "bail bond"; references to Assistant Sessions Judges omitted
123 Power to release persons imprisoned for failing to give security 142 Power to release persons imprisoned for failing to give security minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; conditions to be prescribed "by rules"
124 Security for unexpired period of bond 143 Security for unexpired period of bond minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; "bond" becomes "bond or bail bond"

Chapter IX — Order for Maintenance (CrPC Sections 125-128; BNSS Sections 144-147)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
125 Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents 144 Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents modified. The word "minor" omitted from clause (b) and the first proviso, and the Explanation's definition of "minor" dropped; interim-maintenance and sixty-day disposal provisos carried over unchanged; minor edits: "as the case may be," dropped from sub-s. (4), commas before "or" in clauses (1)(a)–(c) become semicolons
126 Procedure 145 Procedure expanded. New clause (d): proceedings may also be taken where the father or mother resides; "pleader" becomes "advocate"
127 Alteration in allowance 146 Alteration in allowance minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (section 125 → 144)
128 Enforcement of order of maintenance 147 Enforcement of order of maintenance identical

Chapter X — Public Order and Tranquillity (CrPC Sections 129-148; BNSS Sections 148-167)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
129 Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force 148 Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force expanded. Assistance may be required of "any person" (was "any male person"); "any male person" → "any person"
130 Use of armed forces to disperse assembly 149 Use of armed forces to disperse assembly modified. Power to call in the armed forces vests in the District Magistrate or any other Executive Magistrate authorised by him who is present (was the Executive Magistrate of the highest rank present)
131 Power of certain armed force officers to disperse assembly 150 Power of certain armed force officers to disperse assembly identical
132 Protection against prosecution for acts done under preceding sections 151 Protection against prosecution for acts done under sections 148, 149 and 150 minor-edit
133 Conditional order for removal of nuisance 152 Conditional order for removal of nuisance identical
134 Service or notification of order 153 Service or notification of order identical
135 Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause 154 Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause modified. Appearance or hearing may be permitted through audio-video conferencing
136 Consequences of his failing to do so 155 Penalty for failure to comply with section 154 minor-edit. IPC 188 reference replaced by BNS 223; "prescribed" becomes "specified"
137 Procedure where existence of public right is denied 156 Procedure where existence of public right is denied minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 133, 138 → 152, 157)
138 Procedure where he appears to show cause 157 Procedure where person against whom order is made under section 152 appears to show cause modified. New proviso: proceedings to be completed, as soon as possible, within ninety days, extendable to one hundred and twenty days for reasons recorded
139 Power of Magistrate to direct local investigation and examination of an expert 158 Power of Magistrate to direct local investigation and examination of an expert minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 137, 138 → 156, 157)
140 Power of Magistrate to furnish written instructions, etc. 159 Power of Magistrate to furnish written instructions, etc. minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 139 → 158)
141 Procedure on order being made absolute and consequences of disobedience 160 Procedure on order being made absolute and consequences of disobedience minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 136, 138 → 155, 157; IPC 188 → BNS 223)
142 Injunction pending inquiry 161 Injunction pending inquiry minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 133 → 152)
143 Magistrate may prohibit repetition or continuance of public nuisance 162 Magistrate may prohibit repetition or continuance of public nuisance expanded. A Deputy Commissioner of Police empowered by the State Government or District Magistrate may also make the order; IPC reference replaced by BNS
144 Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger 163 Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (section 134 → 153); "pleader" becomes "advocate"; two-month limit and six-month State extension unchanged. CrPC s.144A (inserted by Act 25 of 2005, "date yet to be notified") has no BNSS counterpart
145 Procedure where dispute concerning land or water is likely to cause breach of peace 164 Procedure where dispute concerning land or water is likely to cause breach of peace minor-edit. "pleader" becomes "advocate"; cross-reference renumbered (section 107 → 126)
146 Power to attach subject of dispute and to appoint receiver 165 Power to attach subject of dispute and to appoint receiver minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (section 145 → 164)
147 Dispute concerning right of use of land or water 166 Dispute concerning right of use of land or water minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (section 145 → 164); "pleader" becomes "advocate"
148 Local inquiry 167 Local inquiry minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered (sections 145-147 → 164-166); "pleaders" becomes "advocates"

Chapter XI — Preventive Action of the Police (CrPC Sections 149-153; BNSS Sections 168-172)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
149 Police to prevent cognizable offences 168 Police to prevent cognizable offences identical
150 Information of design to commit cognizable offences 169 Information of design to commit cognizable offences identical
151 Arrest to prevent the commission of cognizable offences 170 Arrest to prevent commission of cognizable offences identical
152 Prevention of injury to public property 171 Prevention of injury to public property identical
153 Inspection of weights and measures — — abolished. No corresponding provision in BNSS
— — 172 Persons bound to conform to lawful directions of police new-provision

Chapter XII — Information to Police and their Powers to Investigate (CrPC Sections 154-176; BNSS Sections 173-196)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
154 Information in cognizable cases 173 Information in cognizable cases modified. Information may be given irrespective of the area where the offence was committed, and by electronic communication (to be signed within three days); new s.173(3): preliminary enquiry within 14 days, with prior permission of an officer not below DSP, for offences punishable with 3 years or more but less than 7 years; copy of the information also to the victim; s.173(4) adds an application to the Magistrate
155 Information as to non-cognizable cases and investigation of such cases 174 Information as to non-cognizable cases and investigation of such cases modified. New s.174(1)(ii): daily diary report of all such cases to be forwarded to the Magistrate fortnightly; "may by rules prescribe"
156 Police officer's power to investigate cognizable case 175 Police officer's power to investigate cognizable case modified. Proviso: SP may require a DSP to investigate; Magistrate's order under s.175(3) only after an affidavit-supported application under s.173(4); new s.175(4) procedure for complaints against public servants; cross-references renumbered (Chapter XIII → XIV, s.190 → s.210)
157 Procedure for investigation 176 Procedure for investigation modified. Rape victim's statement may also be recorded by audio-video electronic means; daily diary report to the Magistrate fortnightly; new s.176(3): forensic expert to visit the crime scene for offences punishable with seven years or more (from a date notified by the State Government within five years)
158 Report how submitted 177 Report how submitted minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (s.157 → s.176)
159 Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry 178 Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry minor-edit. Drafting changes; express reference to s.176; 'Code' → 'Sanhita'
160 Police officer's power to require attendance of witnesses 179 Police officer's power to require attendance of witnesses modified. Upper age for exemption from attending elsewhere than one's residence lowered from sixty-five to sixty; persons with acute illness added; new proviso allows a willing person to attend at the police station
161 Examination of witnesses by police 180 Examination of witnesses by police modified. Offence list in the woman-officer proviso re-mapped to BNS sections and extended to BNS ss.69 and 124 (the audio-video recording proviso already existed in CrPC s.161(3))
162 Statements to police not to be signed; use of statements in evidence 181 Statements to police and use thereof minor-edit. Cross-references updated to BNSS and BSA 2023
163 No inducement to be offered 182 No inducement to be offered minor-edit. Cross-references updated to BNSS and BSA 2023
164 Recording of confessions and statements 183 Recording of confessions and statements modified. Recording Magistrate is any Magistrate of the district where the information was registered (was Metropolitan/Judicial Magistrate); victim's statement to be recorded, as far as practicable, by a woman Magistrate; in offences punishable with ten years or more, life or death the Magistrate shall record the statement of the witness brought by police; audio-video recording of a disabled person's statement 'preferably by mobile phone'
164A Medical examination of the victim of rape 184 Medical examination of victim of rape modified. Medical practitioner must forward the report within seven days (was 'without delay')
165 Search by police officer 185 Search by police officer modified. Grounds to be recorded in the case-diary; search to be recorded through audio-video electronic means, preferably by mobile phone; copies to the Magistrate forthwith but not later than forty-eight hours
166 When officer in charge of police station may require another to issue search-warrant 186 When officer in charge of police station may require another to issue search-warrant minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
167 Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours 187 Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in 24 hours modified. Police custody of up to fifteen days may be authorised in whole or in parts at any time during the initial forty or sixty days of the sixty/ninety-day detention period; Magistrate to consider whether the accused has not been released on bail or bail has been cancelled; detention only in a police station, prison or declared place; 'Judicial Magistrate' → 'Magistrate'
168 Report of investigation by subordinate police officer 188 Report of investigation by subordinate police officer identical
169 Release of accused when evidence deficient 189 Release of accused when evidence deficient minor-edit. 'bond, with or without sureties' → 'bond or bail bond'
170 Cases to be sent to Magistrate when evidence is sufficient 190 Cases to be sent to Magistrate when evidence is sufficient modified. New proviso: if the accused is not in custody, police take security for appearance and the Magistrate shall not refuse the report on the ground that the accused was not taken into custody
171 Complainant and witnesses not to be required to accompany police officer and not to be subjected to restraint 191 Complainant and witnesses not to be required to accompany police minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
172 Diary of proceedings in investigation 192 Diary of proceedings in investigation minor-edit. Sub-sections renumbered; cross-references updated to BNSS and BSA 2023
173 Report of police officer on completion of investigation 193 Report of police officer on completion of investigation modified. Two-month completion limit covers listed BNS sexual offences and POCSO ss.4, 6, 8, 10; report may be forwarded through electronic communication and must state the sequence of custody of electronic devices; progress to be informed to the informant/victim within ninety days; electronic supply of report deemed service; further investigation during trial needs the Court's permission and must be completed within ninety days (extendable)
174 Police to enquire and report on suicide, etc. 194 Police to enquire and report on suicide, etc. modified. Inquest report to be forwarded to the District/Sub-divisional Magistrate within twenty-four hours (was 'forthwith'); "medical man" → "medical person", "rule prescribed" → "rule made"
175 Power to summon persons 195 Power to summon persons modified. New provisos: listed vulnerable persons not required to attend elsewhere than their residence; a willing person may attend and answer at the police station
176 Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death 196 Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death modified. Judicial/Metropolitan Magistrate references replaced by 'Magistrate'; sub-sections renumbered

Chapter XIII — Jurisdiction of Criminal Courts (CrPC Sections 177-189; BNSS Sections 197-209)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
177 Ordinary place of inquiry and trial 197 Ordinary place of inquiry and trial identical
178 Place of inquiry or trial 198 Place of inquiry or trial minor-edit. commas at the end of clauses (a)–(c) become semicolons
179 Offence triable where act is done or consequence ensues 199 Offence triable where act is done or consequence ensues identical
180 Place of trial where act is an offence by reason of relation to other offence 200 Place of trial where act is an offence by reason of relation to other offence identical
181 Place of trial in case of certain offences 201 Place of trial in case of certain offences modified. Offences of 'being a thug' and 'murder committed by a thug' omitted from s.201(1); "or of dacoity with murder"
182 Offences committed by letters, etc. 202 Offences committed by means of electronic communications, letters, etc. modified. Electronic communications added alongside letters and telecommunication messages; bigamy reference updated to BNS s.82
183 Offence committed on journey or voyage 203 Offence committed on journey or voyage identical
184 Place of trial for offences triable together 204 Place of trial for offences triable together minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; comma → semicolon at end of clause (a)
185 Power to order cases to be tried in different sessions divisions 205 Power to order cases to be tried in different sessions divisions minor-edit. 'cases' → 'case'; 'Code' → 'Sanhita'
186 High Court to decide, in case of doubt, district where inquiry or trial shall take place 206 High Court to decide, in case of doubt, district where inquiry or trial shall take place identical
187 Power to issue summons or warrant for offence committed beyond local jurisdiction 207 Power to issue summons or warrant for offence committed beyond local jurisdiction minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; 'with or without sureties' → 'bail bond'; "some law" → "any law"
188 Offence committed outside India 208 Offence committed outside India modified. Accused may also be dealt with where the offence is registered in India; comma after "Provided that" dropped
189 Receipt of evidence relating to offences committed outside India 209 Receipt of evidence relating to offences committed outside India modified. Depositions/exhibits may be received in physical or electronic form

Chapter XIV — Conditions Requisite for Initiation of Proceedings (CrPC Sections 190-199; BNSS Sections 210-222)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
190 Cognizance of offences by Magistrates 210 Cognizance of offences by Magistrate modified. Complaints include those filed by a person authorised under any special law; police report may be submitted in any mode including electronic mode; "constitute" → "constitutes" in clause (a)
191 Transfer on application of the accused 211 Transfer on application of the accused minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
192 Making over of cases to Magistrates 212 Making over of cases to Magistrates identical
193 Cognizance of offences by Courts of Session 213 Cognizance of offences by Court of Session minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'
194 Additional and Assistant Sessions Judges to try cases made over to them 214 Additional Sessions Judges to try cases made over to them narrowed. Reference to Assistant Sessions Judges omitted
195 Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants, for offences against public justice and for offences relating to documents given in evidence 215 Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants modified. Complaint may also be made by a public servant authorised by the concerned public servant (with matching withdrawal power); BNS s.209 excluded from the covered range; cross-references updated to BNS; "Provincial" dropped from s.215(3); BNS 232 (IPC 195A) named
195A Procedure for witnesses in case of threatening, etc. 216 Procedure for witnesses in case of threatening minor-edit. Reference updated to BNS s.232
196 Prosecution for offences against the State and for criminal conspiracy to commit such offence 217 Prosecution for offences against State and for criminal conspiracy to commit such offence minor-edit. Cross-references updated to BNS; sub-sections renumbered
197 Prosecution of Judges and public servants 218 Prosecution of Judges and public servants modified. Sanctioning Government to decide within 120 days, failing which sanction is deemed accorded; no-sanction offence list re-mapped to BNS; CrPC s.197(3B) (1991 validation clause) not carried forward
198 Prosecution for offences against marriage 219 Prosecution for offences against marriage modified. Proviso to CrPC s.198(2) (complaint by person who had care of the woman) omitted; aggrieved-husband rule now for BNS s.84 only (IPC s.497 not carried forward); terminology updated ('child', 'unsound mind', 'intellectual disability')
198A Prosecution of offences under section 498A IPC 220 Prosecution of offences under section 85 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 minor-edit. Reference updated to BNS s.85
198B Cognizance of offence 221 Cognizance of offence minor-edit. Reference updated to BNS s.67
199 Prosecution for defamation 222 Prosecution for defamation minor-edit. BNS s.356 references; terminology updated ('child', 'unsound mind', 'intellectual disability'); s.222(4)(a) re-lettered

Chapter XV — Complaints to Magistrates (CrPC Sections 200-203; BNSS Sections 223-226)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
200 Examination of complainant 223 Examination of complainant modified. Magistrate 'having jurisdiction'; new proviso: no cognizance without giving the accused an opportunity of being heard; new s.223(2): conditions for cognizance of a complaint against a public servant
201 Procedure by Magistrate not competent to take cognizance of the case 224 Procedure by Magistrate not competent to take cognizance identical
202 Postponement of issue of process 225 Postponement of issue of process minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
203 Dismissal of complaint 226 Dismissal of complaint minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered

Chapter XVI — Commencement of Proceedings Before Magistrates (CrPC Sections 204-210; BNSS Sections 227-233)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
204 Issue of process 227 Issue of process modified. Proviso: summons or warrants may also be issued through electronic means; clause (1)(a) reworded; cross-reference updated
205 Magistrate may dispense with personal attendance of accused 228 Magistrate may dispense with personal attendance of accused minor-edit. 'pleader' → 'advocate'
206 Special summons in cases of petty offence 229 Special summons in cases of petty offence modified. Petty-offence fine ceiling raised from ₹1,000 to ₹5,000; Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 reference; 'pleader' → 'advocate'; cross-references 260/261 → 283/284, 320 → 359
207 Supply to the accused of copy of police report and other documents 230 Supply to accused of copy of police report and other documents modified. Documents to be supplied within fourteen days of production/appearance of the accused, also to the victim if represented by an advocate; voluminous documents may be furnished electronically; electronic supply deemed duly furnished
208 Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by Court of Session 231 Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by Court of Session modified. Copies to be furnished 'forthwith' (was 'without delay'); supply in electronic form deemed duly furnished; "pleader" → "advocate"; cross-references updated
209 Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it 232 Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it modified. Committal proceedings to be completed within ninety days of cognizance (extendable to one hundred and eighty days for recorded reasons); applications by the accused or victim to be forwarded with the committal
210 Procedure to be followed when there is a complaint case and police investigation 233 Procedure to be followed when there is a complaint case and police investigation in respect of same offence minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered

Chapter XVII — The Charge (CrPC Sections 211-224; BNSS Sections 234-247)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
211 Contents of charge 234 Contents of charge minor-edit. Illustrations re-mapped to BNS sections
212 Particulars as to time, place and person 235 Particulars as to time, place and person minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
213 When manner of committing offence must be stated 236 When manner of committing offence must be stated minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
214 Words in charge taken in sense of law under which offence is punishable 237 Words in charge taken in sense of law identical
215 Effect of errors 238 Effect of errors minor-edit. Illustrations re-mapped to BNS sections
216 Court may alter charge 239 Court may alter charge identical
217 Recall of witnesses when charge altered 240 Recall of witnesses when charge altered identical
218 Separate charges for distinct offences 241 Separate charges for distinct offences minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
219 Three offences of same kind within year may be charged together 242 Offences of same kind within year may be charged together modified. Up to five offences of the same kind within twelve months may be charged together (was three)
220 Trial for more than one offence 243 Trial for more than one offence minor-edit. Illustrations re-mapped to BNS sections; adultery illustration omitted; Illustration (b) (adultery) replaced by a rape illustration (BNS 64, 331(3)); Illustration (c) omitted; cross-references renumbered; IPC 71 → BNS 9
221 Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed 244 Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed minor-edit. "some one" → "someone"
222 When offence proved included in offence charged 245 When offence proved included in offence charged minor-edit. Illustrations re-mapped to BNS sections
223 What persons may be charged jointly 246 What persons may be charged jointly minor-edit. Illustrations and cross-references re-mapped to BNS
224 Withdrawal of remaining charges on conviction on one of several charges 247 Withdrawal of remaining charges on conviction on one of several charges identical

Chapter XVIII — Trial Before Court of Session (CrPC Sections 225-237; BNSS Sections 248-260)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
225 Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor 248 Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor identical
226 Opening case for prosecution 249 Opening case for prosecution expanded. Also covers cases committed under any other law for the time being in force; cross-reference 209 → 232
227 Discharge 250 Discharge modified. New s.250(1): accused may apply for discharge within sixty days of commitment
228 Framing of charge 251 Framing of charge modified. Charge in a case exclusively triable by the Court of Session to be framed within sixty days of the first hearing on charge; accused may be present physically or through audio-video electronic means; "or, as the case may be," dropped
229 Conviction on plea of guilty 252 Conviction on plea of guilty identical
230 Date for prosecution evidence 253 Date for prosecution evidence minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
231 Evidence for prosecution 254 Evidence for prosecution modified. Witness evidence may be recorded by audio-video electronic means; deposition of a public servant may be taken through audio-video electronic means
232 Acquittal 255 Acquittal identical
233 Entering upon defence 256 Entering upon defence minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
234 Arguments 257 Arguments minor-edit. 'pleader' → 'advocate'
235 Judgment of acquittal or conviction 258 Judgment of acquittal or conviction modified. Judgment as soon as possible, within thirty days of completion of arguments, extendable to forty-five days for recorded reasons
236 Previous conviction 259 Previous conviction minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
237 Procedure in cases instituted under section 199 (2) 260 Procedure in cases instituted under sub-section (2) of section 222 modified. Compensation ceiling for accusation without reasonable cause raised from ₹1,000 to ₹5,000; cross-reference to s.222(2); "the Vice-President"

Chapter XIX — Trial of Warrant Cases by Magistrates (CrPC Sections 238-250; BNSS Sections 261-273)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
238 Compliance with section 207 261 Compliance with section 230 minor-edit
239 When accused shall be discharged 262 When accused shall be discharged modified. New s.262(1): discharge application within sixty days of supply of documents under s.230; examination of the accused may be physical or through audio-video electronic means; cross-reference 173 → 193
240 Framing of charge 263 Framing of charge modified. Charge to be framed within sixty days of the first hearing on charge
241 Conviction on plea of guilty 264 Conviction on plea of guilty identical
242 Evidence for prosecution 265 Evidence for prosecution modified. Proviso: witness may be examined by audio-video electronic means at a designated place notified by the State Government; cross-reference 241 → 264
243 Evidence for defence 266 Evidence for defence modified. Proviso: witness may be examined by audio-video electronic means at a designated place notified by the State Government; comma dropped
244 Evidence for prosecution 267 Evidence for prosecution identical
245 When accused shall be discharged 268 When accused shall be discharged minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
246 Procedure where accused is not discharged 269 Procedure where accused is not discharged modified. New s.269(7): where prosecution witnesses cannot be secured for cross-examination despite reasonable measures, the Magistrate may close prosecution evidence and proceed on the record
247 Evidence for defence 270 Evidence for defence minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
248 Acquittal or conviction 271 Acquittal or conviction minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
249 Absence of complainant 272 Absence of complainant modified. Magistrate to give the complainant thirty days' time to be present before discharging the accused
250 Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause 273 Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause modified. Appeal threshold for compensation ordered by a Magistrate of the second class raised from ₹100 to ₹2,000; BNS cross-reference

Chapter XX — Trial of Summons Cases by Magistrates (CrPC Sections 251-259; BNSS Sections 274-282)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
251 Substance of accusation to be stated 274 Substance of accusation to be stated modified. New proviso: if the accusation is groundless, the Magistrate shall, for recorded reasons, release the accused, with the effect of discharge
252 Conviction on plea of guilty 275 Conviction on plea of guilty identical
253 Conviction on plea of guilty in absence of accused in petty cases 276 Conviction on plea of guilty in absence of accused in petty cases minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered; 'pleader' → 'advocate'
254 Procedure when not convicted 277 Procedure when not convicted minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
255 Acquittal or conviction 278 Acquittal or conviction minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
256 Non-appearance or death of complainant 279 Non-appearance or death of complainant modified. Magistrate to give the complainant thirty days' time to be present before acquitting
257 Withdrawal of complaint 280 Withdrawal of complaint identical
258 Power to stop proceedings in certain cases 281 Power to stop proceedings in certain cases identical
259 Power of Court to convert summons-cases into warrant-cases 282 Power of Court to convert summons-cases into warrant-cases minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'

Chapter XXI — Summary Trials (CrPC Sections 260-265; BNSS Sections 283-288)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
260 Power to try summarily 283 Power to try summarily modified. Summary trial of listed offences now mandatory ('shall') for a CJM or Magistrate of the first class (no special empowerment; Metropolitan Magistrate omitted); value limit for theft/stolen-property offences raised from ₹2,000 to ₹20,000; CrPC s.260(1)(i) class (offences not punishable with more than two years) not carried into s.283(1); new s.283(2): Magistrate may, after hearing the accused, try summarily offences punishable up to three years (no appeal against that decision); cl. (v) now also covers BNS s.351(3) (aggravated criminal intimidation, up to seven years)
261 Summary trial by Magistrate of the second class 284 Summary trial by Magistrate of second class identical
262 Procedure for summary trials 285 Procedure for summary trials minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'
263 Record in summary trials 286 Record in summary trials minor-edit. Clause cross-references re-lettered
264 Judgment in cases tried summarily 287 Judgment in cases tried summarily identical
265 Language of record and judgment 288 Language of record and judgment identical

Chapter XXIA — Plea Bargaining (CrPC Sections 265A-265L; BNSS Sections 289-300)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
265A Application of the Chapter 289 Application of the Chapter modified. Exclusion now covers offences against a 'child' (was 'child below the age of fourteen years'); cross-references updated
265B Application for plea bargaining 290 Application for plea bargaining modified. Application to be filed within thirty days of framing of charge; time to work out a mutually satisfactory disposition capped at sixty days; "as the case may be" dropped; "in a case" dropped in s.290(2)
265C Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition 291 Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered; 'pleader' → 'advocate'; "may participate"
265D Report of the mutually satisfactory disposition to be submitted to the Court 292 Report of mutually satisfactory disposition minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
265E Disposal of the case 293 Disposal of the case modified. First-time offenders may be sentenced to one-fourth of the minimum punishment, or one-sixth of the punishment provided or extendable
265F Judgment of the Court 294 Judgment of the Court minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
265G Finality of the judgment 295 Finality of the judgment minor-edit. Drafting ('under this section')
265H Power of the Court in plea bargaining 296 Power of the Court in plea bargaining minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'
265-I Period of detention undergone by the accused to be set-off against the sentence of imprisonment 297 Period of detention set off against sentence minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered (s.428 → s.468)
265J Savings 298 Savings minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
265K Statements of the accused not to be used 299 Statements of accused not to be used minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
265L Non-application of the Chapter 300 Non-application of the Chapter minor-edit. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 reference (was 2000 Act); JJ Act 2000 → 2015; "clause (k) of" dropped

Chapter XXII — Attendance of Persons Confined or Detained in Prisons (CrPC Sections 266-271; BNSS Sections 301-306)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
266 Definitions 301 Definitions minor-edit. "other institution of a like nature"
267 Power to require attendance of prisoners 302 Power to require attendance of prisoners minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'; "or, as the case may be," dropped; ", or" → "; or"
268 Power of State Government to exclude certain persons from operation of section 267 303 Power of State/Central Government to exclude certain persons expanded. Central Government also empowered
269 Officer in charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain contingencies 304 Officer in charge of prison to abstain in certain contingencies expanded. Also refers to orders of the Central Government under s.303
270 Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody 305 Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
271 Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison 306 Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered

Chapter XXIII — Evidence in Inquiries and Trials (CrPC Sections 272-299; BNSS Sections 307-336)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
272 Language of Courts 307 Language of Courts minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'
273 Evidence to be taken in presence of accused 308 Evidence to be taken in presence of accused modified. Evidence may be taken in the presence of the accused's advocate including through audio-video electronic means at a designated place notified by the State Government
274 Record in summons-cases and inquiries 309 Record in summons-cases and inquiries minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
275 Record in warrant-cases 310 Record in warrant-cases identical
276 Record in trial before Court of Session 311 Record in trial before Court of Session identical
277 Language of record of evidence 312 Language of record of evidence minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
278 Procedure in regard to such evidence when completed 313 Procedure in regard to such evidence when completed minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; 'pleader' → 'advocate'
279 Interpretation of evidence to accused or his pleader 314 Interpretation of evidence to accused or his advocate minor-edit. 'pleader' → 'advocate'
280 Remarks respecting demeanour of witness 315 Remarks respecting demeanour of witness identical
281 Record of examination of accused 316 Record of examination of accused modified. Separate memorandum procedure for Metropolitan Magistrates omitted; proviso: where an accused in custody is examined through electronic communication, signature to be taken within seventy-two hours
282 Interpreter to be bound to interpret truthfully 317 Interpreter to be bound to interpret truthfully identical
283 Record in High Court 318 Record in High Court identical
284 When attendance of witness may be dispensed with and commission issued 319 When attendance of witness may be dispensed with minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'; 'pleader' → 'advocate'
285 Commission to whom to be issued 320 Commission to whom to be issued minor-edit. Metropolitan Magistrate references omitted
286 Execution of commissions 321 Execution of commissions minor-edit. Metropolitan Magistrate references omitted
287 Parties may examine witnesses 322 Parties may examine witnesses minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'; 'pleader' → 'advocate'
288 Return of commission 323 Return of commission minor-edit. Cross-references updated to BNSS and BSA 2023
289 Adjournment of proceeding 324 Adjournment of proceeding minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
290 Execution of foreign commissions 325 Execution of foreign commissions minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
291 Deposition of medical witness 326 Deposition of medical witness minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'; "of a civil surgeon"
291A Identification report of Magistrate 327 Identification report of Magistrate minor-edit. Cross-references updated to BSA 2023; "as the case may be" dropped
292 Evidence of officers of the Mint 328 Evidence of officers of Mint modified. Report must be under the hand of a gazetted officer; cross-references updated to BSA 2023
293 Reports of certain Government scientific experts 329 Reports of certain Government scientific experts expanded. Clause (g) now covers any scientific expert specified or certified by the State Government or the Central Government
294 No formal proof of certain documents 330 No formal proof of certain documents modified. Documents to be admitted or denied within thirty days of supply (relaxable); no expert to be called unless the expert's report is disputed
295 Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants 331 Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'
296 Evidence of formal character on affidavit 332 Evidence of formal character on affidavit minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'
297 Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn 333 Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'
298 Previous conviction or acquittal how proved 334 Previous conviction or acquittal how proved minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'
299 Record of evidence in absence of accused 335 Record of evidence in absence of accused identical
— — 336 Evidence of public servants, experts, police officers in certain cases new-provision

Chapter XXIV — General Provisions as to Inquiries and Trials (CrPC Sections 300-327; BNSS Sections 337-366)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
300 Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence 337 Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
301 Appearance by Public Prosecutors 338 Appearance by Public Prosecutors minor-edit. 'pleader' → 'advocate'
302 Permission to conduct prosecution 339 Permission to conduct prosecution minor-edit. 'pleader' → 'advocate'
303 Right of person against whom proceedings are instituted to be defended 340 Right of person to be defended minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'; 'pleader' → 'advocate'
304 Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases 341 Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases expanded. Legal aid applies in a trial or appeal before a Court (was trial before the Court of Session)
305 Procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused 342 Procedure when corporation or society is accused minor-edit. Appointment statement may also be signed by a person duly authorised by the managing director
306 Tender of pardon to accomplice 343 Tender of pardon to accomplice modified. Metropolitan Magistrate omitted; Special Judge courts now those 'appointed under any other law for the time being in force' (was Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1952)
307 Power to direct tender of pardon 344 Power to direct tender of pardon identical
308 Trial of person not complying with conditions of pardon 345 Trial of person not complying with conditions of pardon minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
309 Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings 346 Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings modified. New proviso (b): where circumstances are beyond a party's control, not more than two adjournments, after hearing objections and for recorded reasons; fifteen-day remand limit now refers to any 'Court' (was 'Magistrate'); BNS references
310 Local inspection 347 Local inspection identical
311 Power to summon material witness or examine person present 348 Power to summon material witness or examine person present minor-edit. "this Code" → "this Sanhita"; "recall" → "re-call" (twice)
311A Power of Magistrate to order person to give specimen signatures or handwriting 349 Power of Magistrate to order specimen signatures or handwriting modified. Adds finger impressions and voice samples; Magistrate may order a person to give samples without being arrested
312 Expenses of complainants and witnesses 350 Expenses of complainants and witnesses minor-edit. 'Code' → 'Sanhita'
313 Power to examine the accused 351 Power to examine accused minor-edit. Heading drops "the"; proviso "summons-case" → "summons case"
314 Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments 352 Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments identical
315 Accused person to be competent witness 353 Accused person to be competent witness minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
316 No influence to be used to induce disclosure 354 No influence to be used to induce disclosure minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
317 Provision for inquiries and trial being held in the absence of accused in certain cases 355 Provision for inquiries and trial being held in absence of accused in certain cases modified. Explanation: personal attendance includes attendance through audio-video electronic means; "pleader" → "advocate"
— — 356 Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender new-provision. Trial in absentia for proclaimed offenders
318 Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings 357 Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings minor-edit. Drafting
319 Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence 358 Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence identical
320 Compounding of offences 359 Compounding of offences modified. Tables updated for BNS sections: the adultery (IPC 497) row is dropped and the IPC 428/429 rows merge into one row for BNS 325; sub-s. (3) now refers to BNS ss.3(5)/190 (for IPC 34/149), sub-s. (4)(a) reads "a child or of unsound mind", sub-s. (6) refers to s.442 (for s.401)
321 Withdrawal from prosecution 360 Withdrawal from prosecution modified. Proviso clause (ii) now 'investigated under any Central Act' (was Delhi Special Police Establishment); new proviso: no withdrawal without hearing the victim
322 Procedure in cases which Magistrate cannot dispose of 361 Procedure in cases Magistrate cannot dispose of identical
323 Procedure when, after commencement of inquiry or trial, Magistrate finds case should be committed 362 Procedure when Magistrate finds case should be committed minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
324 Trial of persons previously convicted of offences against coinage, stamp-law or property 363 Trial of persons previously convicted of offences against coinage, stamp-law or property minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
325 Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sentence sufficiently severe 364 Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sentence sufficiently severe minor-edit. 'or bail bond' added; cross-reference renumbered
326 Conviction or commitment on evidence partly recorded by one Magistrate and partly by another 365 Conviction or commitment on evidence partly recorded by one Magistrate and partly by another minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
327 Court to be open 366 Court to be open expanded. In-camera trial extended to POCSO ss.4, 6, 8, 10; BNS references; BNS 69 is not in the in-camera list

Chapter XXV — Provisions as to Accused Persons of Unsound Mind (CrPC Sections 328-339; BNSS Sections 367-378)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
328 Procedure in case of accused being lunatic 367 Procedure in case of accused being person of unsound mind modified. "Mental retardation" replaced by "intellectual disability"; referral psychiatrist or clinical psychologist must be of a Government hospital or Government medical college, and the Medical Board member from the nearest Government medical college; sub-sections renumbered
329 Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court 368 Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court modified. Medical Board member now from the nearest Government medical college; "mental retardation" replaced by "intellectual disability"; cross-references renumbered; "psychiatrist"; "Court of Session"
330 Release of person of unsound mind pending investigation or trial 369 Release of person of unsound mind pending investigation or trial minor-edit. "Lunatic asylum" replaced by "public mental health establishment"; Mental Health Act, 1987 reference replaced by Mental Healthcare Act, 2017; "intellectual disability" terminology; cross-references renumbered
331 Resumption of inquiry or trial 370 Resumption of inquiry or trial minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
332 Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court 371 Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; "incapable of making"
333 When accused appears to have been of sound mind 372 When accused appears to have been of sound mind identical
334 Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind 373 Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind identical
335 Person acquitted on such ground to be detained in safe custody 374 Person acquitted on ground of unsoundness of mind to be detained in safe custody minor-edit. "Lunatic asylum" replaced by "public mental health establishment"; Indian Lunacy Act, 1912 reference replaced by Mental Healthcare Act, 2017
336 Power of State Government to empower officer-in-charge to discharge 375 Power of State Government to empower officer in charge to discharge minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
337 Procedure where lunatic prisoner is reported capable of making his defence 376 Procedure where prisoner of unsound mind is reported capable of making his defence modified. Certificate of fitness in a public mental health establishment now from the Mental Health Review Board under the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (CrPC: visitors of the asylum); terminology updated
338 Procedure where lunatic detained is declared fit to be released 377 Procedure where person of unsound mind detained is declared fit to be released minor-edit. "Lunatic asylum" replaced by "public mental health establishment"; cross-references renumbered; ss.376 and 377(1) still refer to "visitors"
339 Delivery of lunatic to care of relative or friend 378 Delivery of person of unsound mind to care of relative or friend minor-edit

Chapter XXVI — Provisions as to Offences Affecting Administration of Justice (CrPC Sections 340-352; BNSS Sections 379-391)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
340 Procedure in cases mentioned in section 195 379 Procedure in cases mentioned in section 215 minor-edit
341 Appeal 380 Appeal minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
342 Power to order costs 381 Power to order costs minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
343 Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance 382 Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
344 Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence 383 Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence modified. Maximum fine on summary trial raised from five hundred to one thousand rupees
345 Procedure in certain cases of contempt 384 Procedure in certain cases of contempt modified. Maximum fine raised from two hundred to one thousand rupees; IPC section references replaced by BNS sections 210, 213, 214, 215 and 267; "or the same day" → "on the same day"
346 Procedure where Court considers that case should not be dealt with under section 345 385 Procedure where Court considers that case should not be dealt with under section 384 minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; s.385(1) still reads "a fine exceeding two hundred rupees" although s.384 now allows ₹1,000
347 When Registrar or Sub-Registrar to be deemed a Civil Court 386 When Registrar or Sub-Registrar to be deemed a Civil Court minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
348 Discharge of offender on submission of apology 387 Discharge of offender on submission of apology minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
349 Imprisonment or committal of person refusing to answer or produce document 388 Imprisonment or committal of person refusing to answer or produce document minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
350 Summary procedure for punishment for non-attendance by a witness in obedience to summons 389 Summary procedure for punishment for non-attendance by a witness in obedience to summons modified. Maximum fine raised from one hundred to five hundred rupees; "interest" → "interests"
351 Appeals from convictions under sections 344, 345, 349 and 350 390 Appeals from convictions under sections 383, 384, 388 and 389 minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"
352 Certain Judges and Magistrates not to try certain offences when committed before themselves 391 Certain Judges and Magistrates not to try certain offences when committed before themselves minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered

Chapter XXVII — The Judgment (CrPC Sections 353-365; BNSS Sections 392-406)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
353 Judgment 392 Judgment modified. Judgment pronounced at a subsequent time must be not later than forty-five days (the section states no starting point); Court to upload the judgment on its portal within seven days "as far as practicable"; accused in custody may hear judgment through audio-video electronic means; "pleader" replaced by "advocate"
354 Language and contents of judgment 393 Language and contents of judgment minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"; IPC references replaced by BNS; cross-references renumbered
355 Metropolitan Magistrate's judgment — — abolished. No BNSS counterpart; the BNSS contains no provision for Metropolitan Magistrates
356 Order for notifying address of previously convicted offender 394 Order for notifying address of previously convicted offender expanded. Applies on a repeat conviction for any offence punishable with imprisonment of three years or upwards (CrPC confined it to listed IPC sections and Chapters); "abatement" (as printed in the India Code CrPC) → "abetment"; "shall also apply to"
357 Order to pay compensation 395 Order to pay compensation minor-edit. "expenses of properly incurred" (as printed in the India Code CrPC) → "expenses properly incurred"; comma added in sub-s. (2)
357A Victim compensation scheme 396 Victim compensation scheme merged. Sub-sections (1)–(6) reproduce CrPC s.357A (cross-reference to s.357 renumbered to s.395); sub-section (7) absorbs CrPC s.357B
357B Compensation to be in addition to fine under section 326A or section 376D of Indian Penal Code 396 Victim compensation scheme merged. Now s.396(7); IPC references replaced by BNS sections 65, 70 and 124(1); s.65 also covers rape of a woman under sixteen (IPC s.376(3), not in the s.357B list); "under section 357A" → "under this section"
357C Treatment of victims 397 Treatment of victims expanded. IPC references replaced by BNS sections; now also covers victims of offences under sections 4, 6, 8 and 10 of the POCSO Act, 2012
— — 398 Witness protection scheme new-provision
358 Compensation to persons groundlessly arrested 399 Compensation to persons groundlessly arrested identical
359 Order to pay costs in non-cognizable cases 400 Order to pay costs in non-cognizable cases minor-edit. "Pleader's fees" replaced by "advocate's fees"
360 Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition 401 Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition minor-edit. "Bond, with or without sureties" replaced by "bond or bail bond"; IPC references replaced by BNS; Probation of Offenders Act/Children Act reference updated to Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015; cross-references renumbered
361 Special reasons to be recorded in certain cases 402 Special reasons to be recorded in certain cases minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered; Children Act reference updated to Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015
362 Court not to alter judgment 403 Court not to alter judgment minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"
363 Copy of judgment to be given to the accused and other persons 404 Copy of judgment to be given to accused and other persons expanded. Heading drops "the"; new second proviso to sub-section (5): Court may give the Government a free certified copy on the Prosecuting Officer's application; cross-reference renumbered
364 Judgment when to be translated 405 Judgment when to be translated expanded. Translation to be added if "either party" requires it (CrPC: if the accused requires it)
365 Court of Session to send copy of finding and sentence to District Magistrate 406 Court of Session to send copy of finding and sentence to District Magistrate identical

Chapter XXVIII — Submission of Death Sentences for Confirmation (CrPC Sections 366-371; BNSS Sections 407-412)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
366 Sentence of death to be submitted by Court of Session for confirmation 407 Sentence of death to be submitted by Court of Session for confirmation minor-edit. Proceedings to be submitted to the High Court "forthwith"
367 Power to direct further inquiry to be made or additional evidence to be taken 408 Power to direct further inquiry to be made or additional evidence to be taken identical
368 Power of High Court to confirm sentence or annul conviction 409 Power of High Court to confirm sentence or annul conviction minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
369 Confirmation or new sentence to be signed by two Judges 410 Confirmation or new sentence to be signed by two Judges identical
370 Procedure in case of difference of opinion 411 Procedure in case of difference of opinion minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
371 Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation 412 Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation minor-edit. Order may be sent "either physically or through electronic means"

Chapter XXIX — Appeals (CrPC Sections 372-394; BNSS Sections 413-435)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
372 No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided 413 No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita" (the victim's right of appeal in the proviso is carried over from CrPC s.372); reads "by this Sanhita or by any other law" (the India Code CrPC text lacks "or")
373 Appeal from orders requiring security or refusal to accept or rejecting surety for keeping peace or good behaviour 414 Appeal from orders requiring security or refusal to accept or rejecting surety for keeping peace or good behaviour minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
374 Appeals from convictions 415 Appeals from convictions minor-edit. References to Metropolitan Magistrate and Assistant Sessions Judge dropped; IPC references replaced by BNS; cross-references renumbered
375 No appeal in certain cases when accused pleads guilty 416 No appeal in certain cases when accused pleads guilty minor-edit. Reference to Metropolitan Magistrate dropped; cross-reference renumbered
376 No appeal in petty cases 417 No appeal in petty cases modified. High Court threshold reduced from six months' to three months' imprisonment; reference to Metropolitan Magistrate dropped; cross-references renumbered; "Notwithstanding anything"; "any such sentence"
377 Appeal by the State Government against sentence 418 Appeal by State Government against sentence minor-edit. Delhi Special Police Establishment reference replaced by "any agency empowered to make investigation into an offence under any Central Act"; IPC references replaced by BNS
378 Appeal in case of acquittal 419 Appeal in case of acquittal minor-edit. Delhi Special Police Establishment reference replaced by "any agency empowered to make investigation into an offence under any Central Act"; "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"; "in any case" → "in a case" in sub-s. (2)
379 Appeal against conviction by High Court in certain cases 420 Appeal against conviction by High Court in certain cases identical
380 Special right of appeal in certain cases 421 Special right of appeal in certain cases identical
381 Appeal to Court of Session how heard 422 Appeal to Court of Session how heard minor-edit. Reference to Assistant Sessions Judge dropped
382 Petition of appeal 423 Petition of appeal minor-edit. "Pleader" replaced by "advocate"
383 Procedure when appellant in jail 424 Procedure when appellant in jail identical
384 Summary dismissal of appeal 425 Summary dismissal of appeal minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; "pleader" replaced by "advocate"
385 Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily 426 Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; "pleader" replaced by "advocate"
386 Powers of the Appellate Court 427 Powers of Appellate Court minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; "pleader" replaced by "advocate"
387 Judgments of Subordinate Appellate Court 428 Judgments of subordinate Appellate Court minor-edit. Chapter reference renumbered
388 Order of High Court on appeal to be certified to lower Court 429 Order of High Court on appeal to be certified to lower Court identical
389 Suspension of sentence pending the appeal; release of appellant on bail 430 Suspension of sentence pending appeal; release of appellant on bail minor-edit. Sub-s. (1) keeps "on bail" and adds "or bail bond" ("on bail, or on his own bond or bail bond"); first proviso "on bail or on his own bond" → "on his own bond or bail bond"; heading drops "the"; no new timeline
390 Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal 431 Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
391 Appellate Court may take further evidence or direct it to be taken 432 Appellate Court may take further evidence or direct it to be taken minor-edit. Chapter reference renumbered; "pleader" replaced by "advocate"
392 Procedure where Judges of Court of Appeal are equally divided 433 Procedure where Judges of Court of appeal are equally divided identical
393 Finality of judgments and orders on appeal 434 Finality of judgments and orders on appeal minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
394 Abatement of appeals 435 Abatement of appeals minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered

Chapter XXX — Reference and Revision (CrPC Sections 395-405; BNSS Sections 436-445)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
395 Reference to High Court 436 Reference to High Court minor-edit. Reference to Metropolitan Magistrate dropped
396 Disposal of case according to decision of High Court 437 Disposal of case according to decision of High Court identical
397 Calling for records to exercise powers of revision 438 Calling for records to exercise powers of revision minor-edit. "Bail or ... own bond" replaced by "bond or bail bond"; cross-reference renumbered
398 Power to order inquiry 439 Power to order inquiry minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
399 Sessions Judge's powers of revision 440 Sessions Judge's powers of revision minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
400 Power of Additional Sessions Judge 441 Power of Additional Sessions Judge identical
401 High Court's powers of revision 442 High Court's powers of revision minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"; "pleader" replaced by "advocate"
402 Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision cases 443 Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision cases identical
403 Option of Court to hear parties 444 Option of Court to hear parties minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"; "pleader" replaced by "advocate"
404 Statement by Metropolitan Magistrate of ground of his decision to be considered by High Court — — abolished. No BNSS counterpart; the BNSS contains no provision for Metropolitan Magistrates
405 High Court's order to be certified to lower Court 445 High Court's order to be certified to lower Court minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered

Chapter XXXI — Transfer of Criminal Cases (CrPC Sections 406-412; BNSS Sections 446-452)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
406 Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals 446 Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals modified. Cap of one thousand rupees on compensation for a frivolous or vexatious transfer application removed
407 Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals 447 Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals modified. Cap of one thousand rupees on compensation for a frivolous or vexatious transfer application removed; "bond, with or without sureties" replaced by "bond or bail bond"; cross-references renumbered
408 Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals 448 Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals modified. Compensation cap for a frivolous or vexatious application to the Sessions Judge raised from two hundred and fifty rupees to ten thousand rupees; cross-references renumbered
409 Withdrawal of cases and appeals by Session Judge (as printed in the India Code CrPC) 449 Withdrawal of cases and appeals by Sessions Judges minor-edit. Reference to Assistant Sessions Judge dropped; "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"
410 Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrate 450 Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrates minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
411 Making over or withdrawal of cases by Executive Magistrates 451 Making over or withdrawal of cases by Executive Magistrates minor-edit. "Sub- Divisional" → "Sub-divisional"
412 Reasons to be recorded 452 Reasons to be recorded minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered

Chapter XXXII — Execution, Suspension, Remission and Commutation (CrPC Sections 413-435; BNSS Sections 453-477)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
413 Execution of order passed under section 368 453 Execution of order passed under section 409 minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
414 Execution of sentence of death passed by High Court 454 Execution of sentence of death by High Court identical
415 Postponement of execution of sentence of death in case of appeal to Supreme Court 455 Postponement of execution in case of appeal identical
416 Postponement of capital sentence on pregnant woman 456 Commutation of sentence of death on pregnant woman minor-edit. Heading changed from "Postponement" to "Commutation"; body text (High Court shall commute the sentence to imprisonment for life) unchanged
417 Power to appoint place of imprisonment 457 Power to appoint place of imprisonment minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"; Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920 references dropped
418 Execution of sentence of imprisonment 458 Execution of sentence of imprisonment minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
419 Direction of warrant for execution 459 Direction of warrant for execution identical
420 Warrant with whom to be lodged 460 Warrant with whom to be lodged identical
421 Warrant for levy of fine 461 Warrant for levy of fine minor-edit. Words "but no such payment has been made" added; cross-reference renumbered
422 Effect of such warrant 462 Effect of such warrant minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
423 Warrant for levy of fine issued by a Court in any territory to which this Code does not extend 463 Warrant for levy of fine issued by a Court in any territory to which this Sanhita does not extend minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"; cross-reference renumbered
424 Suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment 464 Suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment minor-edit. "Bond, with or without sureties" replaced by "bond or bail bond"
425 Who may issue warrant 465 Who may issue warrant identical
426 Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect 466 Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"
427 Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence 467 Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
428 Period of detention undergone by the accused to be set off against the sentence of imprisonment 468 Period of detention undergone by accused to be set off against sentence of imprisonment minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
429 Saving 469 Saving minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
430 Return of warrant on execution of sentence 470 Return of warrant on execution identical
431 Money ordered to be paid recoverable as a fine 471 Money ordered to be paid recoverable as a fine minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"; cross-references renumbered
— — 472 Mercy petition in death sentence cases new-provision. Statutory framework for mercy petitions
432 Power to suspend or remit sentences 473 Power to suspend or remit sentences modified. Proviso to sub-section (5) now applies to a sentence on any person above eighteen years (CrPC: male person); cross-reference renumbered
433 Power to commute sentence 474 Power to commute sentence modified. Commutation ladder rewritten: death to imprisonment for life; life to not less than seven years; seven years or more to not less than three years; less than seven years to fine; rigorous to simple imprisonment (CrPC also allowed fine); CrPC 433(b) allowed life → up to fourteen years or fine
433A Restriction on powers of remission or commutation in certain cases 475 Restriction on powers of remission or commutation in certain cases minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
434 Concurrent power of Central Government in case of death sentences 476 Concurrent power of Central Government in case of death sentences minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
435 State Government to act after consultation with Central Government in certain cases 477 State Government to act after concurrence with Central Government in certain cases modified. "Consultation" with the Central Government replaced by "concurrence"; Delhi Special Police Establishment named in CrPC 435(1)(a) alongside "any other agency empowered…" is no longer named

Chapter XXXIII — Bail and Bonds (CrPC Sections 436-450; BNSS Sections 478-496)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
436 In what cases bail to be taken 478 In what cases bail to be taken minor-edit. Bond terminology updated ("bond" / "bail bond"); cross-references renumbered
436A Maximum period for which an undertrial prisoner can be detained 479 Maximum period for which under-trial prisoner can be detained modified. First-time offender to be released on bond after one-third of the maximum period; offences punishable with life imprisonment also excluded; s.479(2) bars release where investigation, inquiry or trial in more than one offence or in multiple cases is pending; jail Superintendent to apply to the Court (s.479(3))
437 When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offence 480 When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offence modified. "Under the age of sixteen years" replaced by "a child"; new proviso that need for police custody beyond the first fifteen days is not by itself a ground to refuse bail; previous-conviction limb reworded to "three years or more but less than seven years"; IPC references replaced by BNS
437A Bail to require accused to appear before next appellate Court 481 Bail to require accused to appear before Appellate Court minor-edit. "Next appellate Court" replaced by "Appellate Court"; bond terminology updated
438 Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest 482 Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered; sub-section (4) exclusion now refers to BNS section 65 and section 70(2)
439 Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail 483 Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; IPC references replaced by BNS section 65 and section 70(2); sub-sections renumbered
440 Amount of bond and reduction thereof 484 Amount of bond and reduction thereof identical
441 Bond of accused and sureties 485 Bond of accused and sureties minor-edit. Bond terminology updated ("bond or bail bond")
441A Declaration by sureties 486 Declaration by sureties identical
442 Discharge from custody 487 Discharge from custody minor-edit. Bond terminology updated; cross-references renumbered
443 Power to order sufficient bail when that first taken is insufficient 488 Power to order sufficient bail identical
444 Discharge of sureties 489 Discharge of sureties identical
445 Deposit instead of recognizance 490 Deposit instead of recognizance minor-edit. "Bond, with or without sureties" replaced by "bond or bail bond"
446 Procedure when bond has been forfeited 491 Procedure when bond has been forfeited minor-edit. Sub-section (1) restructured into clauses; "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"; cross-references renumbered
446A Cancellation of bond and bail bond 492 Cancellation of bond and bail bond minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered; "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"; "or bail bond" added
447 Procedure in case of insolvency of death of surety or when a bond is forfeited 493 Procedure in case of insolvency or death of surety or when a bond is forfeited minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"; cross-reference renumbered
448 Bond required from minor 494 Bond required from child minor-edit. "Minor" replaced by "child"
449 Appeal from orders under section 446 495 Appeal from orders under section 491 minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
450 Power to direct levy of amount due on certain recognizances 496 Power to direct levy of amount due on certain recognizances identical

Chapter XXXIV — Disposal of Property (CrPC Sections 451-459; BNSS Sections 497-505)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
451 Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial in certain cases 497 Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial in certain cases expanded. Now extends to the Magistrate empowered to take cognizance or commit and to the investigation stage; new sub-sections (2)–(5): statement of property within fourteen days, photograph/videography, their use as evidence, and disposal order within thirty days
452 Order for disposal of property at conclusion of trial 498 Order for disposal of property at conclusion of trial expanded. Now extends to conclusion of investigation and to the Magistrate; cross-references renumbered
453 Payment to innocent purchaser of money found on accused 499 Payment to innocent purchaser of money found on accused modified. Money to be delivered to the purchaser within six months from the date of the order
454 Appeal against orders under section 452 or 453 500 Appeal against orders under section 498 or 499 expanded. "by a Court or Magistrate"
455 Destruction of libellous and other matter 501 Destruction of libellous and other matter minor-edit. IPC references replaced by BNS sections
456 Power to restore possession of immovable property 502 Power to restore possession of immovable property minor-edit. "Attended by criminal force" reworded to "by use of criminal force"; cross-references renumbered
457 Procedure by police upon seizure of property 503 Procedure by police upon seizure of property minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"
458 Procedure where no claimant appears within six months 504 Procedure where no claimant appears within six months modified. "As may be prescribed" replaced by "as the State Government may by rules provide"
459 Power to sell perishable property 505 Power to sell perishable property modified. Value threshold for summary sale of perishable property raised from five hundred rupees to ten thousand rupees; cross-references renumbered

Chapter XXXV — Irregular Proceedings (CrPC Sections 460-466; BNSS Sections 506-512)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
460 Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings 506 Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
461 Irregularities which vitiate proceedings 507 Irregularities which vitiate proceedings minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered; "or telegraph" dropped
462 Proceedings in wrong place 508 Proceedings in wrong place identical
463 Non-compliance with provisions of section 164 or 281 509 Non-compliance with provisions of section 183 or 316 minor-edit
464 Effect of omission to frame, or absence of, or error in, charge 510 Effect of omission to frame, or absence of, or error in, charge identical
465 Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity 511 Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"
466 Defect or error not to make attachment unlawful 512 Defect or error not to make attachment unlawful minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"

Chapter XXXVI — Limitation for Taking Cognizance (CrPC Sections 467-473; BNSS Sections 513-519)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
467 Definitions 513 Definitions minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
468 Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of the period of limitation 514 Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of period of limitation modified. New Explanation: relevant date for limitation is the date of filing the complaint under s.223 or of recording information under s.173
469 Commencement of the period of limitation 515 Commencement of period of limitation identical
470 Exclusion of time in certain cases 516 Exclusion of time in certain cases identical
471 Exclusion of date on which Court is closed 517 Exclusion of date on which Court is closed identical
472 Continuing offence 518 Continuing offence identical
473 Extension of period of limitation in certain cases 519 Extension of period of limitation in certain cases identical

Chapter XXXVII — Miscellaneous (CrPC Sections 474-484; BNSS Sections 520-531)

CrPC Section CrPC Title BNSS Section BNSS Title Change Type
474 Trials before High Courts 520 Trials before High Courts minor-edit. Cross-reference renumbered
475 Delivery to commanding officers of persons liable to be tried by Court-martial 521 Delivery to commanding officers of persons liable to be tried by Court-martial minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"; "Military" replaced by "Army"
476 Forms 522 Forms identical
477 Power of High Court to make rules 523 Power of High Court to make rules minor-edit. "Prescribed" replaced by "provided by rules made by the State Government"
478 Power to alter functions allocated to Executive Magistrate in certain cases 524 Power to alter functions allocated to Executive Magistrate in certain cases minor-edit. Cross-references renumbered
479 Case in which Judge or Magistrate is personally interested 525 Cases in which Judge or Magistrate is personally interested identical
480 Practising pleader not to sit as Magistrate in certain Courts 526 Practising advocate not to sit as Magistrate in certain Courts minor-edit. "Pleader" replaced by "advocate"
481 Public servant concerned in sale not to purchase or bid for property 527 Public servant concerned in sale not to purchase or bid for property minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"
482 Saving of inherent power of High Court 528 Saving of inherent powers of High Court minor-edit. "Code" replaced by "Sanhita"
483 Duty of High Court to exercise continuous superintendence over Courts of Judicial Magistrates 529 Duty of High Court to exercise continuous superintendence over Courts expanded. Superintendence now extends to Courts of Session as well as Courts of Judicial Magistrates
— — 530 Trial and proceedings to be held in electronic mode new-provision. All trials, inquiries and proceedings may be held in electronic mode
484 Repeal and savings 531 Repeal and savings modified. Repeals the CrPC 1973; s.531(2)(a) keeps any appeal, application, trial, inquiry or investigation pending immediately before 1 July 2024 under the CrPC; the CrPC 484(2)(a) proviso and clause (d) have no counterpart

New BNSS Provisions (No CrPC Equivalent)

BNSS Section Title Description
86 Identification and attachment of property of proclaimed person On a written request from a police officer not below the rank of Superintendent of Police or Commissioner of Police, the Court may initiate a request to a Court or authority in a contracting State for identification, attachment and forfeiture of a proclaimed person's property under the Chapter VIII procedure
105 Recording of search and seizure through audio-video electronic means Search of a place or taking possession of property under Chapter VII or section 185, including the seizure list and its signing by witnesses, must be recorded through audio-video electronic means (preferably mobile phone) and the recording forwarded without delay to the District Magistrate, Sub-divisional Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate of the first class
107 Attachment, forfeiture or restoration of property An investigating police officer may, with the approval of the Superintendent of Police or Commissioner of Police, apply for attachment of property believed to be derived from criminal activity; after a fourteen-day show-cause notice (or by an interim ex parte order) the Court or Magistrate may attach proceeds of crime and direct the District Magistrate to distribute them rateably to persons affected
172 Persons bound to conform to lawful directions of police All persons must conform to lawful directions of a police officer given in fulfilment of his duty under Chapter XII (preventive action of the police); a person resisting or disregarding them may be detained or removed and either taken before a Magistrate or, in petty cases, released within twenty-four hours
336 Evidence of public servants, experts, police officers in certain cases Where a report or document of a public servant, scientific expert or medical officer is used as evidence and the author has been transferred, retired or died, cannot be found or is incapable of deposing, or securing presence would delay the proceeding, the Court shall secure the successor officer to depose on it; that deposition may be through audio-video electronic means
356 Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender Trial in absentia for proclaimed offenders after specified period
398 Witness protection scheme Statutory basis for witness protection
472 Mercy petition in death sentence cases Statutory framework for processing mercy petitions with timelines
530 Trial and proceedings to be held in electronic mode All trials, inquiries and proceedings — including issue, service and execution of summons and warrants, examination of complainant and witnesses, recording of evidence and appellate proceedings — may be held in electronic mode, by electronic communication or audio-video electronic means

CrPC Sections Abolished (No BNSS Equivalent)

CrPC Section Title Reason for Abolition
8 Metropolitan areas No BNSS counterpart; the BNSS contains no provision for metropolitan areas or Metropolitan Magistrates
10 Subordination of Assistant Sessions Judges No BNSS provision for Assistant Sessions Judges (the term does not appear in the BNSS); the business-distribution and urgent-application rules of CrPC s.10(2)–(3) reappear in BNSS s.8(7)–(8) for Additional Sessions Judges
16-19 Metropolitan Magistrate provisions (4 sections) No BNSS counterpart; the BNSS contains no provision for Metropolitan Magistrates
27 Jurisdiction in the case of juveniles No corresponding section in the BNSS
153 Inspection of weights and measures No corresponding section in the BNSS
355 Metropolitan Magistrate's judgment No BNSS counterpart; the BNSS contains no provision for Metropolitan Magistrates
404 Statement by Metropolitan Magistrate No BNSS counterpart; the BNSS contains no provision for Metropolitan Magistrates

How to Use This Table

Transitional applicability: Under Section 531(2)(a) of the BNSS, any appeal, application, trial, inquiry or investigation pending immediately before the BNSS came into force (1 July 2024) is to be disposed of, continued, held or made in accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 as in force immediately before that commencement, as if the BNSS had not come into force. On a reading of Section 531, proceedings not pending at commencement are governed by the BNSS. See Offence before 1 July 2024: which law applies.

Finding a section: Use your browser's search function (Ctrl+F / Cmd+F) to locate any CrPC or BNSS section number.

Key structural changes:

  • The BNSS contains no provision for Metropolitan Magistrates or metropolitan areas (the word "Metropolitan" does not appear in the enacted text); CrPC sections 8, 16–19, 355 and 404 have no BNSS counterpart
  • Electronic modes: information of a cognizable offence may be given by electronic communication (s.173(1)); all trials, inquiries and proceedings — including issue, service and execution of summons and warrants, examination of complainant and witnesses, recording of evidence and appellate proceedings — may be held in electronic mode (s.530)
  • Timelines introduced include: charge to be framed within sixty days from the first hearing on charge (ss.251(1)(b) and 263(1)); Sessions judgment within thirty days of completion of arguments, extendable to forty-five days for recorded reasons (s.258(1)); judgment pronounced at a subsequent time not later than forty-five days (s.392(1)); police to inform the informant or victim of the progress of investigation within ninety days (s.193(3)(ii)); further investigation during trial to be completed within ninety days, extendable with the Court's permission (s.193(9) proviso)
  • Search of a place or seizure of property under Chapter VII or s.185 must be recorded through audio-video electronic means (s.105); a confession or statement under s.183(1) may also be recorded by audio-video electronic means (proviso to s.183(1)) — this is permissive, not mandatory
  • Trial in absentia is now permissible for proclaimed offenders
  • For offences punishable for seven years or more, the officer in charge of the police station must cause a forensic expert to visit the crime scene to collect forensic evidence and have the process videographed, from such date as the State Government notifies within five years (s.176(3))

Change type guide:

  • identical: Text identical apart from the section number (trivial drafting such as "anything contained in" → "anything in" disregarded)
  • minor-edit: Drafting or reference updates without affecting legal substance — e.g. "Code" → "Sanhita", "pleader" → "advocate", renumbered cross-references, IPC references replaced by BNS
  • modified: Substantive changes to scope, procedure, or timelines
  • expanded: New sub-sections or broader coverage
  • narrowed: Scope reduced
  • merged: Multiple CrPC sections consolidated into one BNSS section
  • new-provision: BNSS section with no CrPC predecessor
  • abolished: CrPC section with no BNSS successor

Internal links: Individual section analysis pages use flat URLs of the form /old-law-new-law/section-{number}-{topic} (for example /old-law-new-law/section-438-anticipatory-bail).

Section-by-section pages

In-depth pages for individual provisions, ordered by old section number. Each page sets out the statutory text of both Acts, what changed, how the provision works and the Supreme Court judgments on it.

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