A Bill becoming law in India is not one event but four — passage, assent, publication and commencement — and they routinely fall on different dates. August 2026 supplies a worked example of every variation: two Presidential Regulations under Article 240 of the Constitution of India, a State renamed under Article 3, an Ordinance replaced under Article 123, and Acts assented but dormant.
Why this matters for aspirants. Almost every candidate can recite that a Bill goes to the President for assent. Very few can say what happens next, and that is where the examinable difficulty sits: "when did this Act come into force?" has four possible answers depending on the drafting of a single sub-clause, and getting it wrong shifts the date on which conduct became punishable or a State acquired a new name. This digest covers the assent-to-commencement layer. The passage of the Monsoon Session Bills is covered in Veritect's Monsoon Session 2026 digest, which flagged the assent status of several Bills as an unverified research gap — several of those gaps are closed below. The General Clauses Act point is worked for one Act in the National Honour (Amendment) Act digest; here it is extended across six instruments and three commencement models.
The Four Stages — The Framework to Memorise
| Stage | What it is | Who does it | Legal effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Passage | Both Houses pass the Bill | Parliament | The Bill is ready for presentation |
| 2. Assent | The President assents under Article 111 | President of India | The Bill becomes an Act. It is now law on the statute book |
| 3. Publication | The enacted text is published in the Gazette of India | Legislative Department | The authenticated text becomes officially available |
| 4. Commencement | The provisions begin to operate | Depends entirely on the Act's own commencement clause | Rights and obligations start to bite |
Three commencement models, and how to tell them apart from clause 1 alone:
| Model | Trigger in clause 1 | Date in force |
|---|---|---|
| Assent-default | Clause 1 says nothing about commencement | Date of assent, by operation of Section 5 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 |
| Appointed date in the Act | Clause 1 names or deems a date | The named or deemed date |
| Notified date | Clause 1 empowers the Government (or an Administrator) to appoint a date by notification | The date so appointed — and until then, nothing |
The single most transferable point on the page. Under Section 5 of the General Clauses Act, 1897, where a Central Act is not expressed to come into operation on a particular day, it comes into operation on the day it receives the assent of the President. That default applies only in the absence of a contrary provision. Where clause 1(2) requires an appointed date, the default is expressly displaced. The common shorthand "an Act is in force from assent" is therefore true only where the statute says so or is silent.
1. Article 240 in Action — A High Court Bench for Ladakh
27 August 2026 | President of India / Ministry of Law and Justice | Regulation No. 10 of 2026; Gazette CG-DL-E-27082026-275842 | Exam Relevance ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
What happened. The President promulgated The Union territory of Ladakh (Sitting of Bench of the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh in Ladakh) Regulation, 2026, under Article 240 of the Constitution of India read with sub-section (2) of section 58 of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 (34 of 2019), published the same day in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 1, No. 38. The Union Cabinet had taken the enabling decision on 20 August 2026. Since the reorganisation with effect from 31 October 2019, the Union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and of Ladakh have shared a common High Court sitting at Srinagar and Jammu; Ladakh has no legislature and is administered by an Administrator appointed by the President under Article 239.
The legal principle. Article 240 empowers the President to make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of specified Union territories, and a regulation so made has the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament applying to that territory. The Regulation has a preamble and two operative sections:
- Section 1 — extends to the whole of Ladakh; comes into force on such date as the Administrator may appoint by notification.
- Section 2(1) — the principal seat is preserved where it is located before commencement.
- Section 2(2) — notwithstanding that, Judges and division courts "may also sit at such place in the Union territory of Ladakh as the Chief Justice may, with the approval of the Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh, appoint." Two consents are engaged, and no town is named.
- Section 2(3) — the Chief Justice retains a discretion to order that any case or class of cases arising in Ladakh be heard at Srinagar or Jammu.
For your exam. Three points. First, the choice of instrument: where a State would need parliamentary legislation or a Presidential order to alter High Court arrangements, a Union territory without a legislature can be dealt with by regulation. Second, sections 2(2) and 2(3) together create a place of sitting, not an exclusive forum — a Ladakh-arising matter has no vested right to be heard in Ladakh. Third, and most examinable, the Regulation is not in force: a commencement notification by the Administrator, and then an appointment of the place of sitting, are still required. No commencement notification has been traced as at 8 September 2026 — a research gap, not a finding that none exists.
2. A Regulation That Repeals an 1860 Act — Andaman and Nicobar Societies
27 August 2026 | President of India / Ministry of Law and Justice | Regulation No. 11 of 2026; Gazette CG-DL-E-27082026-275844 | Exam Relevance ⭐⭐⭐⭐
What happened. The President promulgated The Andaman and Nicobar Islands Registration of Societies Regulation, 2026, also under Article 240, running to 14 chapters and 63 sections. By section 63(1) it repeals the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860) in its application to the Union territory.
The legal principle. The 1860 Act is among the oldest statutes still in daily use in India: fewer than 30 sections, drafted for learned societies and charitable associations, and providing almost no machinery for governance, audit, inspection, dissolution or enforcement. States have progressively replaced it with their own societies legislation. A Union territory without a legislature cannot follow that route — hence Article 240.
Provisions worth carrying:
- Section 3 — any seven or more persons associated for the listed purposes may form a society, the list expressly including conservation of natural resources and welfare associations of flats, tenements, condominiums or floor space owners.
- Section 2(t) — a "special resolution" requires at least 40 per cent of members entitled to vote to be present, and approval by three-fifths of those present and voting.
- Sections 24 and 25 — annual accounts audited by a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, and annual filings within 30 days of the annual general meeting with a members' list as on 31 March.
- Sections 40 to 43 — penalties up to Rs. 2,000 with Rs. 100 per day of continuing default; up to Rs. 5,000 for false entries; up to Rs. 5,000 with Rs. 200 per day for false returns. Penalties are credited to the Consolidated Fund of India.
- Section 63(3) — existing societies are deemed registered, but must bring memorandum and bye-laws into conformity within two years of commencement, failing which inconsistent provisions are void. Section 6 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 is preserved.
For your exam. This is a clean illustration of the rule that you never anchor on a repealed statute as operative authority — but it is also a lesson in reading a repeal precisely, and the precision cuts two ways. The repeal is territorial: the Societies Registration Act, 1860 continues to apply wherever else it applies, and the correct statement is that it stands repealed in its application to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. And the repeal is not yet effective, because section 1(3) leaves commencement to the Administrator. No commencement notification has been traced as at 8 September 2026. Contrast this with a substantive change of procedure: section 63(4) saves rights, liabilities and punishments under the repealed Act while directing that pending investigations and proceedings continue under the new Regulation — substantive liability saved, procedure switched.
3. Article 3 and Article 4 — Renaming a State by Ordinary Law
14 August 2026 | President of India | Kerala (Alteration of Name) Act, 2026; Bill No. 155 of 2026 (Lok Sabha) | Exam Relevance ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
What happened. The President assented on 14 August 2026 to the Kerala (Alteration of Name) Act, 2026, which will rename the State of Kerala as the State of Keralam. The proposal originated with the State: the Kerala Legislative Assembly passed a resolution on 24 June 2024 asking the Centre to record the name by which the State is known in Malayalam. The Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 10 August 2026 on the President's recommendation conveyed by letter No. 19012/01/2026-SR dated 7 August 2026, and passed both Houses within three days.
The legal principle. Article 3 empowers Parliament to alter the name of a State by ordinary legislation, passed by simple majority. Its proviso imposes two procedural conditions: no such Bill may be introduced except on the recommendation of the President, and the President must first refer the Bill to the Legislature of the affected State for its views. The Assembly considered the referred Bill and adopted a unanimous resolution agreeing with it. Article 4 provides that a law made under Article 3 may include incidental amendments to the First and Fourth Schedules and is not deemed to be an amendment of the Constitution for the purposes of Article 368.
Clauses 4 to 7 substitute "Keralam" for "Kerala" in four places: Article 31A(2)(a)(i); Article 290A; entry 5 under "I. THE STATES" in the First Schedule; and entry 9 of the Table in the Fourth Schedule. Clause 8 permits adaptation of pre-existing laws within one year of the appointed day; clause 10 deems the State of Keralam substituted automatically in pending proceedings.
For your exam. Two propositions, both high-yield. First, Article 3 plus Article 4 defeats the intuition that changing the Constitution needs Article 368 — a State can be renamed, and the First Schedule amended, by ordinary majority. Second, the State has not been renamed. Clause 1(2) requires a commencement notification, and clause 3 renames the State only "on and from the appointed day". No commencement notification has been traced as at 8 September 2026, so the correct answer to "what is the name of the State?" remains Kerala — and the correct form of words is "no notification traced", not "not notified".
4. Article 123 — From Ordinance to Replacement Act
17 August 2026 | President of India / Ministry of Finance | Taxation and Other Laws (Amendment) Act, 2026; Bill No. 150 of 2026 | Exam Relevance ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
What happened. The President assented on 17 August 2026. The Act amends three statutes — the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007, the Income-tax Act, 2025 and the Finance Act, 2026 — and completes the replacement of the Income-tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 2026 (Ordinance 2 of 2026), promulgated on 5 June 2026.
The legal principle. Article 123(1) permits the President to promulgate an Ordinance when both Houses are not in session and immediate action is required. Article 123(2)(a) requires it to be laid before Parliament and to cease to operate at the expiry of six weeks from reassembly unless replaced. Clause 7 repeals the Ordinance with a saving deeming anything done under it to have been done under the corresponding provisions of the Act, so assessments and notices issued in the intervening window survive.
Commencement here is the deemed-date model, with splits: clause 1(2) deems the Act in force from 1 April 2026 save as otherwise provided (the date the Income-tax Act, 2025 commenced); the amendment to Section 10A of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 takes effect from Gazette publication of the Act; and new Schedule IV entries 13F and 13G take effect from 1 October 2026.
For your exam. Three items. First, the six-week rule under Article 123(2)(a), tested almost every cycle. Second, the saving clause as a constitutional device: repeal without a saving would strand every action taken during the Ordinance's life, so challenges premised on lapse do not assist. Third, a single Act can carry three different commencement dates — the sharpest available illustration that "when did this Act come into force" can have more than one correct answer.
5. Assented and Waiting — The NCDC (Amendment) Act, 2026
14 August 2026 | President of India / Ministry of Cooperation | Bill No. 156 of 2026 (Lok Sabha) | Exam Relevance ⭐⭐⭐
What happened. The National Co-operative Development Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2026 received assent on 14 August 2026. It rewrites the Corporation's mandate under the National Co-operative Development Corporation Act, 1962 (26 of 1962) from financing programmes "through co-operative societies" to financing "for co-operative development", so that the Corporation may lend to, grant to and take share capital in entities that are not themselves registered co-operative societies, to the extent the funds are used for co-operative societies.
The legal principle. New Section 2(ba) defines "co-operative development" as planning, promoting and financing programmes, whether directly or through any intermediary entity, to co-operative societies. In Section 9, new clause (da) permits direct loans and grants and new clause (g) permits participation in share capital with the approval of the Central Government. New Section 9(4) leaves the determination of which entities qualify to the Board, with no statutory criteria. New Section 13A adds a credit-information sharing power extending to the Reserve Bank and banking companies.
For your exam. Two points. First, clause 1(2) requires a commencement notification, and none has been traced as at 8 September 2026 — so the pre-amendment text of the 1962 Act should be treated as continuing to govern. Second, the delegation point: Section 9(4) leaves the perimeter of the expanded mandate to the Board without prescribing criteria, so the statute does not itself disclose who is eligible. That is a textbook excessive-delegation prompt, and it pairs with the MMDR Act's new Section 13(2)(ta) rule-making power.
6. Establishment Is Not Constitution — The Mediation Council of India
27 August 2026 | Ministry of Law and Justice (Department of Legal Affairs) | S.O. 4781(E); Gazette CG-DL-E-27082026-275840 | Exam Relevance ⭐⭐⭐⭐
What happened. By notification S.O. 4781(E), issued under sub-section (1) of section 31 of the Mediation Act, 2023 (32 of 2023), the Central Government established the Mediation Council of India, with its head office at Delhi. The notification is a single operative sentence, published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (ii), No. 4596, under File No. A-60011/45/2023-ADR.
The legal principle. Section 31 requires the Central Government by notification to establish the Council, and provides that it shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal, with power to acquire, hold and dispose of property and to sue and be sued. The Council's remit extends to registering and regulating mediators, recognising mediation service providers and institutes, laying down training and certification standards, and maintaining a depository of mediated settlement agreements.
What the notification does not do is the examinable part. It names no Chairperson and no Members; appoints no date from which the Council discharges its functions; and notifies no regulations. The Mediation Act, 2023 received assent on 14 September 2023 and was brought into force in stages, with an enforcement notification of 9 October 2023 — so the Council was established nearly three years later, and service-condition rules for its Chairperson and Members had already been notified on 13 June 2024, presupposing a body that did not yet exist.
For your exam. Distinguish three steps and never merge them: establishment (the body exists in law), constitution (members appointed, so it can act), and commencement of functions (regulations notified, so obligations bite). From 27 August 2026 the Council is in principle capable of holding property and of being sued, though it has no members to act for it. No notification constituting the Council under section 32 of the Mediation Act, 2023 has been traced as at 8 September 2026.
7. Subordinate Instruments Do Real Constitutional Work — NIA Special Courts
27 August 2026 | Ministry of Home Affairs (CTCR Division) | S.O. 4786(E) and S.O. 4787(E); Gazette CG-DL-E-27082026-275845 | Exam Relevance ⭐⭐⭐
What happened. Two notifications under section 11 of the National Investigation Agency Act, 2008 (34 of 2008). S.O. 4786(E) designates the Court of District and Additional Sessions Judge-XXVI, Patna as Exclusive Special Court No. II for NIA cases, with jurisdiction throughout Bihar. S.O. 4787(E) designates the Exclusive Special Court for Trial of NIA Cases at Visakhapatnam as Special Court, with jurisdiction throughout Andhra Pradesh. Both issue under File No. 11011/42/2022-NIA.
The legal principle. Section 11 empowers the Central Government, by notification in the Official Gazette and in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court, to designate one or more Courts of Session as Special Courts for the trial of Scheduled Offences — those listed in the Schedule to the Act. Where more than one Special Court is designated for an area, the senior-most judge distributes business among them. Section 13 gives a designated Special Court jurisdiction to try any Scheduled Offence committed within its territorial reach.
For your exam. Two boundaries. First, both designations are confined by their own terms to Scheduled Offences investigated by the National Investigation Agency — a Scheduled Offence investigated by the State police is not covered on the face of these notifications. Second, neither notification contains a transfer clause and neither appoints a commencement date: a section 11 designation creates or confirms a forum, but does not by itself move a part-heard trial. Note the constitutional shape of the power — executive designation of a criminal trial forum, conditioned on consultation with the Chief Justice, a judicial-independence safeguard built into an administrative power.
Key Facts to Remember
| # | Date | Instrument | Route | Commencement status as at 8 Sep 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 Aug 2026 | Kerala (Alteration of Name) Act, 2026 | Assent; Article 3 + Article 4; Bill No. 155 of 2026 | Notified date required; none traced — State remains Kerala |
| 2 | 14 Aug 2026 | NCDC (Amendment) Act, 2026 | Assent; Bill No. 156 of 2026 | Notified date required; none traced |
| 3 | 17 Aug 2026 | Taxation and Other Laws (Amendment) Act, 2026 | Assent; replaces Ordinance 2 of 2026 (Article 123) | Deemed in force 1 April 2026, with splits at Gazette publication and 1 Oct 2026 |
| 4 | 5 Jun 2026 | Income-tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 2026 | Article 123(1) | Repealed by clause 7, with saving |
| 5 | 27 Aug 2026 | Ladakh High Court Bench Regulation, No. 10 of 2026 | Article 240 + s. 58(2), J&K Reorganisation Act, 2019 | Administrator to appoint; none traced |
| 6 | 27 Aug 2026 | A&N Registration of Societies Regulation, No. 11 of 2026 | Article 240; repeals Societies Registration Act, 1860 in the UT | Administrator to appoint; none traced |
| 7 | 27 Aug 2026 | Mediation Council of India established, S.O. 4781(E) | s. 31(1), Mediation Act, 2023 | Body exists; not constituted — no s. 32 notification traced |
| 8 | 27 Aug 2026 | NIA Special Courts, S.O. 4786(E) and S.O. 4787(E) | s. 11, NIA Act, 2008 | No commencement date appointed; no transfer clause |
| 9 | — | Section 5, General Clauses Act, 1897 | Assent-default rule | Applies only where the Act is silent |
| 10 | — | Article 240 Regulations | Same force and effect as an Act of Parliament in that territory | — |
Exam Angle
Which exams. Judiciary Prelims and Mains (constitutional law, interpretation of statutes); CLAT and AILET legal GK; CLAT-PG and UGC NET Law Paper II; UPSC Law Optional Paper I and GS-II; APO papers on criminal-forum designation.
MCQ format. Article numbers are the workhorse: 111 (assent), 123 (ordinance), 3 and 4 (alteration of State names), 239 (Administrator), 240 (Regulations), 368 (as a distractor). Add Section 5 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 and the four Gazette-numbered instruments of 27 August 2026.
Descriptive format. (i) "Distinguish assent, publication and commencement, illustrating each stage from Indian legislative practice in 2026." (ii) "Examine the President's regulation-making power under Article 240, and its relationship with Article 239." (iii) "Parliament may rename a State by simple majority. Reconcile that with Article 368."
Facts to memorise. Assent dates 14 August (Kerala, NCDC) and 17 August 2026 (Taxation and Other Laws); Ordinance 2 of 2026 promulgated 5 June 2026; the six-week rule in Article 123(2)(a); Regulation Nos. 10 and 11 of 2026; seven persons and the 40 per cent / three-fifths special-resolution test; S.O. 4781(E), S.O. 4786(E) and S.O. 4787(E); Kerala Assembly resolution 24 June 2024; Bill Nos. 150, 155 and 156 of 2026.
Related provisions. Articles 3, 4, 111, 123, 239, 239A, 239AA, 240 and 368, and the First and Fourth Schedules to the Constitution of India; Sections 5 and 6 of the General Clauses Act, 1897; section 58(2), Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019; sections 31 and 32, Mediation Act, 2023; sections 11 and 13, National Investigation Agency Act, 2008; Societies Registration Act, 1860; National Co-operative Development Corporation Act, 1962.
Practice MCQs
Q1. A Central Act contains no provision as to when it shall come into force. It comes into operation —
(a) on the date the Bill is passed by both Houses (b) on the date it receives the assent of the President, by virtue of Section 5 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 (c) on the date of its publication in the Gazette of India (d) on a date to be notified by the Central Government
Answer: (b). The assent-default applies only where the Act is silent. Option (d) describes the position where clause 1 expressly requires an appointed date — which displaces the default, as it did for the Kerala (Alteration of Name) Act, 2026 and the NCDC (Amendment) Act, 2026.
Q2. The Union territory of Ladakh (Sitting of Bench of the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh in Ladakh) Regulation, 2026 was made under —
(a) Article 231 of the Constitution of India (b) Article 239AA of the Constitution of India (c) Article 240 of the Constitution of India read with section 58(2) of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 (d) Article 123 of the Constitution of India
(Answer overleaf in your notes — attempt before reading on.)
Answer: (c). Article 240 is the regulation-making power for specified Union territories, and a regulation so made has the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament in that territory. Article 239AA concerns the National Capital Territory of Delhi and is the strongest distractor; Article 123 is the ordinance power, which is a different instrument altogether.
Q3. Renaming the State of Kerala as Keralam required —
(a) a constitutional amendment under Article 368 passed by special majority (b) ordinary legislation under Article 3, with consequential Schedule amendments not deemed an amendment of the Constitution by virtue of Article 4 (c) ratification by not less than one-half of the State Legislatures (d) a Presidential Order under Article 240
Answer: (b). Article 3 empowers Parliament to alter a State's name by ordinary law, subject to the proviso requiring the President's recommendation and a reference to the affected State Legislature for its views. Article 4 takes the First and Fourth Schedule amendments outside Article 368.
Q4. The Income-tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 2026 was promulgated on 5 June 2026. Under Article 123(2)(a) of the Constitution of India, an Ordinance ceases to operate —
(a) six months from the date of promulgation (b) at the expiry of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament, unless replaced (c) immediately on the reassembly of Parliament (d) only when expressly repealed by the President
Answer: (b). It must also be laid before Parliament. Here the replacement instrument was the Taxation and Other Laws (Amendment) Act, 2026, assented 17 August 2026, whose clause 7 repeals the Ordinance while saving everything done under it — a saving that defeats any argument built on lapse.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between assent, publication and commencement?
Three separate legal events, routinely on different dates. Assent under Article 111 of the Constitution of India turns a Bill into an Act. Publication in the Gazette of India supplies the authenticated text. Commencement is when the provisions begin to operate. Where the Act is silent, Section 5 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 makes the assent date the commencement date; where clause 1 requires an appointed date, the Act remains dormant until the notification issues. The Kerala (Alteration of Name) Act, 2026 and the National Co-operative Development Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2026, both assented on 14 August 2026, are in that dormant state with no commencement notification traced as at 8 September 2026.
What is a Regulation under Article 240 of the Constitution of India?
Law made by the President for specified Union territories, having the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament applying to that territory. It is the route used where a Union territory has no legislature of its own and is administered by an Administrator appointed under Article 239. Union territories that have been given legislatures — Puducherry under Article 239A and the National Capital Territory of Delhi under Article 239AA — are dealt with differently. Two Article 240 Regulations were promulgated on 27 August 2026: Regulation No. 10 of 2026 on High Court sittings in Ladakh, and Regulation No. 11 of 2026 on societies registration in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Has the State of Kerala been renamed?
No, not as at 8 September 2026. The Act received assent on 14 August 2026, but clause 1(2) makes commencement dependent on a date the Central Government appoints by notification, and clause 3 renames the State only "on and from the appointed day". No commencement notification has been traced. Note the form of words: this is "no notification traced", not "not notified" — an absence of record is a research gap, not proof that no instrument exists.
Does the repeal of the Societies Registration Act, 1860 mean it is gone from Indian law?
No, on two counts. The repeal in section 63(1) of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Registration of Societies Regulation, 2026 operates only in its application to that Union territory; the 1860 Act is unaffected wherever else it applies. And it takes effect only on a date the Administrator appoints under section 1(3), which has not been traced as at 8 September 2026. Existing societies are deemed registered under section 63(3) and have two years from commencement to bring memorandum and bye-laws into conformity.
Is the Mediation Council of India now regulating mediators?
No. Notification S.O. 4781(E) of 27 August 2026 under section 31(1) of the Mediation Act, 2023 (32 of 2023) establishes the Council as a body corporate with its head office at Delhi, and does nothing else. It appoints no Chairperson or Members, fixes no date for the Council to begin discharging functions, and notifies no regulations. Constitution under section 32 is the next step, and no such notification has been traced as at 8 September 2026.
How does this digest differ from the Monsoon Session 2026 digest?
That digest covers the passage layer — the Session's twelve Bills and the Article 123 ordinance discipline — and flagged the enacted texts and assent status of most of those Bills as unverified research gaps. This digest covers the assent-to-commencement layer, closing several of those gaps with dated assent records: Kerala and NCDC on 14 August 2026, and Taxation and Other Laws on 17 August 2026.
Sources: Gazette of India — Ladakh High Court Bench Regulation, No. 10 of 2026 | Gazette of India — Andaman and Nicobar Islands Registration of Societies Regulation, No. 11 of 2026 | Gazette of India — Notification S.O. 4781(E), Mediation Council of India | Gazette of India — Notifications S.O. 4786(E) and S.O. 4787(E), NIA Special Courts | President's Secretariat — Central Bills assented to by the President | Press Information Bureau | Ministry of Law and Justice | Ministry of Home Affairs | The Gazette of India | India Code
source_notes: Assent dates. 14 August 2026 for the Kerala (Alteration of Name) Act, 2026 and for the National Co-operative Development Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2026, and 17 August 2026 for the Taxation and Other Laws (Amendment) Act, 2026, are each read from the President's Secretariat register of Central Bills assented to by the President at rashtrapatibhavan.gov.in/central-bills — listed against the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of Cooperation and the Ministry of Finance respectively. The Kerala assent date is expressly recorded in the underlying Veritect report as disagreeing with general-media reporting of 17 August 2026; the President's Secretariat register governs, and no media timestamp has been used for any date in this digest (§5.11). Bill numbers (150, 155 and 156 of 2026), the introduction date of 10 August 2026, the President's recommendation letter No. 19012/01/2026-SR dated 7 August 2026, the Statements of Objects and Reasons, and all clause-by-clause content are taken from the Bills as introduced in the Lok Sabha. Gazette instruments. The particulars of Regulation No. 10 of 2026 (CG-DL-E-27082026-275842, Part II Section 1, No. 38, dateline "New Delhi, the 27th August, 2026/Bhadra 5, 1948 (Saka)"), Regulation No. 11 of 2026 (CG-DL-E-27082026-275844, No. 39), S.O. 4781(E) (CG-DL-E-27082026-275840, Part II Section 3 Sub-section (ii), No. 4596, F. No. A-60011/45/2023-ADR) and S.O. 4786(E) / S.O. 4787(E) (CG-DL-E-27082026-275845, No. 4601, F. No. 11011/42/2022-NIA) are each read from the gazette PDFs themselves, whose texts were downloaded and extracted for Veritect's reports of 27 August 2026. The Union Cabinet decision of 20 August 2026 preceding the Ladakh Regulation is corroborated from the Press Information Bureau release cited above. Research gaps recorded (§5.10), each of which is an absence of traced record and expressly not a finding that no instrument exists: no commencement notification traced as at 8 September 2026 for the Kerala (Alteration of Name) Act, 2026, the National Co-operative Development Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2026, Regulation No. 10 of 2026 or Regulation No. 11 of 2026; and no notification constituting the Mediation Council of India under section 32 of the Mediation Act, 2023 traced as at the same date. Verification limit on Section 5 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 — recorded honestly rather than glossed: the General Clauses Act, 1897 is not held in the local Bare Acts mirror at /Users/anujgupta/Documents/Bareacts/, and attempts to retrieve its text from indiacode.nic.in and legislative.gov.in on 8 September 2026 returned HTTP 404 and an index page respectively. Section 5 is therefore stated in this digest as a rule, not quoted verbatim, and its text has not been verified against a primary source in this session. Its operation is corroborated indirectly by the Ministry of Mines commencement notification S.O. 4642(E) of 22 August 2026, which was necessary precisely because Section 1(2) of that Amendment Act displaced the assent-default. Aspirants should read Section 5 from the primary text before quoting it in an answer. Constitutional text. Articles 3, 4, 111, 123, 239, 239A, 239AA, 240 and 368 and the First and Fourth Schedules are paraphrased, not quoted; the Constitution of India is not held in the local Bare Acts mirror and could not be verified verbatim in this session. The substance of Articles 3, 4, 123(1), 123(2)(a), 239 and 240 as stated here is drawn from the sourced Veritect reports of the underlying instruments, each of which read the enabling provision from the instrument's own recital. No Act number is asserted for any 2026 Act in this digest, because Veritect's underlying reports record that India Code returned no 2026 Central Act entries at the time of publication and that the gazetted Act texts were not retrieved.
This digest is prepared for legal-examination preparation. It is not legal advice.