Landmark judgments, read for the exam bench.
Supreme Court judgments unpacked for the exam room — each entry carries the citation, the ratio, the key principle, and the exam-relevance map for CLAT, Judiciary, AIBE, UGC-NET and UPSC Law Optional. Written for the aspirant who will be asked to state the holding in sixty seconds.
Three judgments to start with.
Byluru Thippaiah v. State of Karnataka — Mitigation Reports in Death Penalty Sentencing
Supreme Court (2025 INSC 862) commuted death penalty to life without remission, holding mitigation reports under Manoj (2023) are constitutionally mandatory in capital sentencing.
State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh — Sub-Classification Within SC/STs Permitted
State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh (2024 INSC 562): 7-judge Bench, by 6:1, overruled E.V. Chinnaiah and upheld sub-classification within SCs/STs under Article 16(4).
Habban Shah v. Sheruddin — Section 28 Specific Relief Act and Self-Operative Rescission of Specific Performance Decrees
Habban Shah v Sheruddin (2026 INSC 451): SC held conditional specific performance decrees self-operative — no separate application needed to rescind under Section 28.
294 landmark judgments across 16 subjects.
Shephali Chakraborty v. State of West Bengal (2026): Guardian's Power to Develop a Minor's Property under Section 8 HMGA — Student Case Summary
Sonal Talpada v. Veerbhan Singh (2026): Mental Cruelty, Irretrievable Breakdown and Article 142 — Student Case Summary
Laksh Vir Singh Yadav v. Union of India (2026:DHC:4891): India's First Right to Be Forgotten Framework for Judicial Records
State of Telangana v. Mohd. Ismail (2026): Decades of Continuous Service and the Uma Devi Regularisation Test
In re Suo Motu — High Court Judgment Pronouncement and Upload Timelines: Summary and Exam Relevance
Parvinder Singh v. Directorate of Enforcement (2026 INSC 519): PMLA Cognisance Void Without BNSS Pre-Hearing
Syed Iftikhar Andrabi v. Union of India — UAPA Bail, Prolonged Incarceration and K.A. Najeeb
Supreme Court (Nagarathna & Bhuyan JJ.) granted bail under UAPA on prolonged-incarceration grounds, reaffirming K.A. Najeeb (2021). Case summary for judiciary exams.
Habban Shah v. Sheruddin — Section 28 Specific Relief Act and Self-Operative Rescission of Specific Performance Decrees
Habban Shah v Sheruddin (2026 INSC 451): SC held conditional specific performance decrees self-operative — no separate application needed to rescind under Section 28.
Partha Das v. State of Tripura — Executive Orders Cannot Override Statutory Recruitment Rules
Partha Das v. State of Tripura (2025 INSC 1049) — SC held that executive NRP memos cannot override statutory recruitment rules under Article 309.
Hindustan Construction Company v. Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam — Waiver of Objections in Arbitration
Supreme Court (2025 INSC 1365) held that joint Section 29A applications constitute waiver under Section 4 of the Arbitration Act; unilateral appointment clauses are severable.
In Re: Interplay Between Arbitration Agreements and Indian Stamp Act — Unstamped Arbitration Clauses Are Enforceable
7-Judge Bench of the Supreme Court (13 Dec 2023) held unstamped arbitration agreements are enforceable under Section 11(6A) — overruling NN Global, SMS Tea Estates & Garware.
Animal Welfare Board of India v. Union of India (Jallikattu) — Cultural Rights and Animal Welfare
AWBI v. Union of India (2023): 5-judge SC Bench upheld Tamil Nadu PCA Amendment allowing Jallikattu; Article 29(1) cultural right protected.
Argue the ratio, not just the citation.
Three days, full access, no credit card. 294 landmark judgments analysed for the exam bench — each grounded in the citation, the paragraph, and the principle that still binds.